TAU IB YAM - Cochinchina

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MARCEL BENANOISE¹

I. Lub Neej Keeb Kwm Sab

KEV LOM ZEM

    Lub xeev ntawm Tanan [Tân Ib] yog ciam nyob rau sab qaum teb los ntawm lub xeev ntawm Tayninh [Tây Ninh], ntawm Nyaj Lon [Chợ Lớn] thiab lub nceeg vaj ntawm Qhab Meem teb, nyob rau sab qab teb los ntawm cov xeev ntawm xwb [Sa ]éc], mytho [Mỹ Tho] thiab Gocong [Gò Công], nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub xeev Nyaj Lon [Chợ Lớn] thiab Gocong [Gò Công], thiab nyob rau sab hnub poob los ntawm lub nceeg vaj Cambodia thiab cov xeev ntawm Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] thiab Ntev Xuyen [Ntev Xuyên].

    Ntawm tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam li ntawm 380.000 hectares, tsuas yog 80.000 hectares nyob rau thaj tsam sab qab teb ntawm lub xeev muaj txiaj ntsig, cog ib leeg nrog rau mov. Tus so, txog 300.000 hectares, yog ib qho loj thoob plaws txuas ntxiv mus rau ciam teb ntawm Qhab Meem teb, hauv qab dej rau ntau lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo. Cov no yog cov tiaj ntawm Jones uas tsis muaj kev cog qoob loo tseem ceeb tau txog tam sim no. Lub xeev ntawm Tanan [Tân An] yog li deb ntawm nws txoj kev txhim kho kev lag luam tag nrho, uas muaj peev xwm tsuas yog ua tau thaum qhov haujlwm loj heev ntawm hydraulic, tsim nyog rau txhuav, thiab muaj kuab dej tsis txaus ntawm lub tiaj ntawm Jones, tau ua tiav.

ROV SAWV DAWS

    Cov txheej txheem kev nyob hauv lub xeev Tanan [Lub Ib Ntu] suav nrog cov kev hauv qab no, txhua txoj kev tsav tsheb ntawm txoj kab ke:

1Cov. Lub colonial txoj kev No. 16 ntawm Saigon [Sài Gòn] rau mytho [Mỹ Tho];
2Cov. Txoj kev rov los ntawm txoj kev xeev No. 21 los ntawm Tanan [Tân An] rau Gocong [Gò Công] ntawm Kav liam La [Qhov Loj];
3Cov. Txoj kev rov los ntawm txoj kev xeev No. 22 los ntawm Tanan [Tân An] rau mytho [Mỹ Tho];
4Cov. Txoj kev rov los ntawm txoj kev xeev No. 23 los ntawm Tanan [Tân An] rau mytho [Mỹ Tho];
5Cov. Txoj kev cai sib txuas lus No. 5 uas khiav los ntawm txoj kev colonial mus rau txoj kev No. 15 hu ua tus Tanan [Tân An] rau Nug Tau [Nhựt Tảo] kev;
6Cov. Txoj kev mus rau lwm txoj kev ntawm No. 6 los ntawm Thu Thu [Thủ Thừa] rau qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm Binh Anh [Bình Anh];
7Cov. Txoj kev mus rau lwm txoj kev ntawm No. 8 los ntawm Tanan [Tân An] rau Thanh Phu Long [Thanh Phú Ntaj] via Ky Leej Tub [Kỳ Sơn] thiab Binh Phuoc [Bình Phước];
8Cov. Txoj kev cai sib xyaw No. 9 uas koom nrog txoj kev sib tham ntawm chaw muag khoom ntawm Thu Thu [Thừa];
9Cov. Txoj kev sib txuas lus ntawm Txoj Kev No. 14 uas khiav los ntawm txoj kev tsheb thauj mus los ntawm xeev txoj kev No. 21 ntawm Gocong los ntawm tus ferry ntawm Chogao [Txoj Cai];
10Cov. Txoj kev mus rau lwm txoj kev ntawm No. 15 los ntawm Tanan [Tân An] rau Nug Tau [Nco Ntsoov].

II. Thawj Saib Xyuas Tebchaws

TXOJ CAI SAWV DAWS TAU SAIB

    Lub xeev ntawm Tanan [Tân An] tau muab faib ua 10 lub cantons, suav nrog 64 lub zos thiab sib sau ua 4 pawg thawj coj saib xyuas, txhua tus neeg saib xyuas ib txwm muaj nrog cov thawj neeg Phu [Phủ], lossis ntawm Huav [Huyện], saib:
1Cov. Cheeb Tsam ntawm lub nroog loj;
2Cov. Koog Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Binh Phuoc [Bình Phước];
3Cov. Koog Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Thu Thu [Thừa];
4Cov. Koog Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Moc Hoa [Moj Hoá].

CEEB TOOM TSEEM CEEB

1. TSUA [Suav daws]; Lub nroog loj, yog nyob hauv qhov chaw uas yog rau lub zos ntawm Binh Laj [Bình Lập]; nws yog yav tas los ib qho tseem ceeb trading chaw hu ua Vung Ua [Vũng Gụ], tab sis poob nws qhov tseem ceeb txij li lub nkoj lag luam thiab cov nkoj lag luam tsis kam siv txoj kev xa dej thiab xa lawv cov kev lag luam mus rau Duperre kwj dej thiab kev lag luam ntws thaum dhau los sab hnub poob mus rau Saigon 47 km ntawm Saigon [Sài Gòn], nws muaj kev pabcuam ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Saigon [Sài Gòn] - mytho [Mỹ Tho] kab, nrog rau kev pabcuam tsheb tsav ntau los ntawm Saigon [Sài Gòn] rau mytho [Mỹ Tho] thiab los ntawm Saigon [Sài Gòn] mus rau ntau lub xeev nyob rau sab hnub poob. Cov ntau chav haujlwm tau sawv cev ntawm no: cov khoom muaj nqi, tshaj tawm thiab xa tawm, cov haujlwm pej xeem, cov kab lis kev cai thiab lwm yam. Lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib hauv kev xyaum tag nrho, lub tsev kawm rau cov tub ntxhais hluas ntxhais hluas, thiab tsev kho mob poj niam, tau ua haujlwm zoo. Ib txwm nyob ntawm Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Kev Thaj Yeeb yuav raug tsa nyob ntawm no sai;

2. Ky Leej Tub [Koob Tsheej] (lub zos ntawm Binh Quoi [Bình Quới]) 6 km ntawm nroog loj, muaj kev lag luam tseem ceeb (ntawm txoj kev cai sib tham No. 8);

3. Thu Thu [Thov]lub zos ntawm Binh Phong Thang [Bình Phong Thắng]) 7 km ntawm nroog loj, muaj cov thawj tswj hwm sawv cev, thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv, kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm cov Thu Thu [Thủ Thừa] kwj dej, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv dej rau cov nkoj ib txwm thiab cov nkoj;

4. Nug Tau [Nthuav Tawm] (lub zos ntawm An Nhut Tan [Nthuav Tawm]) 15 km ntawm lub nroog loj, muaj kev ua lag luam;

5. Binh Phuoc (lub zos ntawm Phuoc Tan Hung [Tân Hưng]) 15 km ntawm lub nroog tseem ceeb, thawj lub quarters ntawm ib pawg thawj coj saib xyuas, khw, tsev xa ntawv thiab ntawv xov tooj, chaw haujlwm niam tsev;

6. Tam Vu (lub zos ntawm Duong Xuan Hoi) 12 km ntawm tus thawj hauv nroog-kev ua lag luam;

7. Quan Kais (lub zos ntawm Tan Tru [Tân Trụ]) 18 km khw.

NEEJ NEEG

    Cov pej xeem ntawm xeev, tag nrho 120.000, yog tsim raws li hauv qab no; 60 Tebchaws Europe, 118.500 Annamites, 450 Minh Hawj [Minh Hương], 700 Suav, 250 Cov Neeg Nyablaj thiab 20 Khab thiab lwm tus.

III. Kev lag luam thaj chaw

NYEEM

    Lub xeev ntawm Tanan [Tân An], nyob nruab nrab ntawm Nyaj Lon [Chợ Lớn] thiab mytho [Mỹ Tho], yog qhov tsis nyiam kev ncig. Nws yog devoid of zoo nkauj scenery. Ntawm cov keeb kwm monuments tej zaum hais:

1Cov. Nyob hauv lub zos ntawm Khan Hau [Khw Hậu] (nplaig tub rog ntawm Long Long [Hưng Long]) ze rau qhov chaw colonial txoj kev No. 16, yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm Tan quan Nguyen-Huynh-Duc [Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức], Marshal Gia Ntev [Gia Long] muaj kev koom tes rau kev tsim lub dynasty ntawm lub Nguyen [Nguyễn]. Qee qhov xa rov qab ntawm cov neeg suav loj nyob hauv lub tuam tsev ze ntawm lub qhov ntxa;

2Cov. Nyob hauv lub zos ntawm Binh Lang (lub tsev tos qhua ntawm Nin Nin H Ha [An Ninh Hạ]) yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm Ong-Hong, tus neeg nplua nuj heev Annamite, leej twg, los ntawm kev xa cov cov dav hlau loj uas muaj qoob loo mus rau lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Hawj txawm [Huế], tau zoo heev los ntawm kev pabcuam ntawm cov neeg tshaib plab ntawm cov neeg nruab nrab Annam [Ib Nam]. Tus huab tais Minh-Mang Yog [Minh Mạng] tau muab lub npe rau Tho-dan rau nws. Qhov ntxa no tau muab tso rau ntawm kwj dej ntawm tib lub npe, uas koom nrog ob lub Vaicos, nqes mus rau Tanan [Tan An];

3. Ntawm Nhut Tso [Nthuav Tawm], nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Vaico, dej ntws ntawm tus choj ntawm Ben Lus [Bến Lức], yog monument me me, tsa rau lub cim nco txog "doi" thiab qee tus neeg sawv cev uas raug tua los ntawm tsoomfwv Annamite ntawm cov tsoomfwv thaum pib los ntawm Fabkis txoj haujlwm.

Txhais tau tias kev thauj mus los

    Lub nroog ntawm Tanan [Tân An] tau txais kev pab los ntawm cov Saigon [Sài Gòn] - mytho [Mỹ Tho] cov kab ciav hlau nrog cov tsheb ciav hlau khiav tsib zaug hauv ib hnub (muaj thiab rov qab); kuj los ntawm coob tus pej xeem thauj cov tsheb tsav, siv cov kev qhia txoj kev colonial, nrog kev pab cuam sai nyob rau txhua teev ntawm hnub, khiav hauv kev sib koom tes nrog kev tsheb ciav hlau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm cov neeg taug kev. Mus xyuas lub ntxa ntawm Marshal Nguyen-Huynh-Duc [Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức], tuaj yeem mus los ntawm lub cev muaj zog ntawm tsheb Saigon [Sài Gòn] mus rau lub zos ntawm Khan Hau [Khánh Hậu], lossis ib leeg tuaj yeem nqa lub tsheb ciav hlau mus Tanan [T Ann An], thiab tom qab ntawd ces “pousse-pousse” lossis “tilbury” los npog qhov 3 km uas sib cais cov chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub monument. Kom mus ntsib Nug Tau [Nhựt Tảo], nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los coj ib lub nkoj nyob rau tom Ben Lus [Bến Lức], nqis los rau sab hnub tuaj Vaico, lossis mus ncaj qha los ntawm dej mus rau qhov chaw no ua lag luam, los ntawm Saigon [Sài Gòn] lossis los ntawm Nyaj Lon [Chợ Lớn]. Los Ntawm Nhut Tao Nug Tau [Nhựt Tảo], ib tus tuaj yeem nkag tau yooj yim los ntawm sampan lub qhov ntxa ntawm Ong-Hong, ntawm tus kwj dej ntawm tib lub npe, uas ntws mus rau Vaico tsis deb ntawm lub chaw no.

Chaw ntiav pw

    Tsis muaj tsev so hauv Tanan [Tân An] vim qhov sib thooj ntawm lub nroog loj Nyaj Lon [Chợ Lớn] thiab mytho [Mỹ Tho]. Cov thawj coj txawm li cas los xij muab rau cov neeg ncig teb chaws Europe ob chav nyob ntawm lub tsev txais qhua, pub dawb, tab sis tsis muaj zaub mov noj. Muaj tsis muaj bungalow, thiab tsis muaj chav nyob ntawm tus sawv cev. Lus Qhia (khaws cia, cawv txiv hmab, qhob cij, dej khov) muag hauv khw Tanan [Tân An], ntawm qee lub khw muag khoom noj.

MUAJ KEV CWJ PWM

    Qhov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev nthuav dav tau thov rau cov neeg ib txwm nyob thiab Europeans hauv thaj av ntawm Jones, tab sis raws li txhua qhov kev cog qoob loo yog kev hlub ntawm dej nyab, xyaum tsuas yog rov qab tau los ntawm cov nyiaj pab muaj nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev nuv ntses. Sab qaum teb ntawm cov rooj zaum hauv xeev kuj tseem tseb, thiab muaj kev lag luam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom los ntawm matting thiab ntxhib ntim. Cov kab tsib ua tau cog tau zoo nyob hauv ob peb lub xyoo dhau los hauv ntau lub zos ntawm cov kab hauv qab Cuu Thuong [Cửu Cụ thượng], tshwj xeeb yog hauv Thanh Chaw [Thạnh Lợi], Ntawm Binh Hoa [Bình Hoà], Kuv Thanh Dong [Mỹ Thạnh Đông] thiab Kuv Qui [Mỹ Quý], txhua qhov chaw nyob raws sab hnub tuaj Vaico, uas muaj txog 20 haiv neeg ib txwm haus dej qab zib.

PAJ MUAS TU THU
12 / 2019

CEEB TOOM:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Tus neeg pleev kob, tau yug los hauv Valenciennes - thaj chaw qaum teb ntawm Fabkis. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej thiab haujlwm:
+ 1905-1920: Ua haujlwm nyob rau tebchaws Indochina thiab yog tus saib xyuas haujlwm tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm rau tus thawjcoj ntawm Indochina;
+ Xyoo 1910: Xib Fwb ntawm Far East Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Fabkis;
+ Xyoo 1913: Kawm keeb kwm kev kos duab thiab tshaj tawm ntau cov lus tshaj tawm;
+ Xyoo 1920: Nws rov qab mus rau Fab Kis thiab npaj duab kos duab ua yeeb yam hauv Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - kos duab toj roob hauv pes txog Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, thiab qee yam khoom plig nco qab. los ntawm Far East;
+ Xyoo 1922: Tshaj tawm cov ntawv sau txog Kev Hniav Zoo Nkauj hauv Tonkin, Indochina;
+ Xyoo 1925: Yeej qhov khoom plig loj ntawm Colonial Exhibition hauv Marseille, thiab koom tes nrog tus kws kes duab vajtse Pavillon de l'Indochine los tsim cov khoom sab hauv;
+ Xyoo 1952: Tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 68 thiab tawm ntau daim duab thiab duab thaij;
+ 2017: Nws daim duab ua yeeb yam tau tiav los ntawm nws cov xeeb ntxwv.

ua tim khawv:
"Phau ntawv"LA COCHINCHINE”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong DucHồng ib] Cov tshaj tawm, Hanoi, 2018.
◊  wikipedia.org
Vietnamese Cov lus Nyab Laj thiab cov lus khav thev yog muab tso nrog sab hauv kab ntawv cim - raug teeb tsa los ntawm Ban Tu Thu.

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