BIEN HOA - Cochinchina

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MARCEL BENANOISE¹

I. Lub cev Geography

SIB THAM

     Lub xeev ntawm Bienhoa [Ib Hoàn] yog ciam nyob rau sab qaum teb los ntawm lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Cambodia, ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob, los ntawm cov xeev ntawm Baria  [Bà Rau] thiab Giadinh [Gia Định], nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, los ntawm lub teb chaws Annamite, thiab sab hnub poob, los ntawm cov xeev ntawm Thudaumot [Qhov no Một] thiab Giadinh [Gia Định]. Nws muaj qhov ntev ntawm 110 km thiab qhov dav ntawm 90 km. Hauv sab qaum teb-qaum teb thiab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Bienhoa [Ib Hoàn] cov av yog av txho, ntawm cov av xuab zeb, thiab nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj-qab teb sab hnub tuaj nws yog xim liab (ferruginous av nplaum- argillous)). Tus dej loj tshaj yog tus Dong Nai [Ng Nai], uas nws qhov chaw nyob yog rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub toj siab ntawm Laj Biang [Liab Biang] (Annam [An Nam].)). Tom qab traversing thaj chaw ywj pheej ntawm Mois thiab cov hav zoov tuab, thiab tau tsim ntau lub caij nplooj zeeg tsis txaus, nws nkag mus rau hauv Cochin-Tuam Tshoj los ntawm Mois canton ntawm Binh Tuy tau [Bình Tuy Ib] (Bienhoa [Biên Hoà]).

KEV COJ KEV COJ KEV CAWM SEEJ

    Dhau li ntawm txoj kev dej, xeev ntawm Bienhoa [Ib Hoàn] muaj kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kab ke, muab cov kev sib txuas lus yooj yim ntawm ntau lub xeev ntawm Colony, nrog rau ntau thaj chaw hauv lub xeev. Muaj kuj yog ib kab tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn] rau Phanthiet [Phan Thib] uas hla tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub xeev, ncua kev deb tshaj 100km.

INTERESTING SIGHTS - ARGHAELOGICAL CURIOSITIES

    Nrog nws qhov kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, nws hav zoov uas muaj kev ua si, lub xeev ntawm Bienhoa [Ib Hoàn] yog qhov txaus siab rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws thiab cov kis las. Tus thawj saib xyuas yog: Qhov poob ntawm Trian [Trị Ib] (35 km ntawm lub nroog loj thiab 65 km ntawm Saigon [Sài Gòn]), qhov chaw uas tau ua lub tsev so, nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas thiab tus nqi hauv lub xeev. Chaw ntaus pob ncaws pob thiab yos hav zoov yog: Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, Xuanloc [Xuan Lộc] cov cheeb tsam ntawm Nui Chuachan [Nia Chứa Chan], cov savannahs ntawm Lagna [Laj Nga], nyob rau sab qaum teb-hnub poob ntawm Ib qho Binh [Ib qho Bình] thiab nws ib puag ncig.

II. Thawj Saib Xyuas Tebchaws

    Lub xeev suav nrog Annamite cantons, faib rau hauv 115 lub zos, thiab 7 Mois cantons muaj 45 lub zos. Cov pej xeem ntawm 132000 inhabitants muaj 125 lub teb chaws Europe, 116000 Annamites, 11500 Mois, 2000 Suav thiab lwm yam.

IB HO

    Lub zos loj ntawm lub xeev, 30 km ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn], nyob ntawm tus ntug dej sab xis Donai [Ng Nai]. Tag nrho cov ceg ntawm cov thawj coj tswj hwm ntawm no tau sawv cev. Nws muaj lub tsev hais plaub ntawm kev ncaj ncees nrog dav zog. Lub tuam txhab ntawm cov ntse ntse nyob ntawm no nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, thiab qhov thib ob pawg tub rog ntawm Indo- Suav Cov Kev Pab Cuam huab cua nyob hauv Binh Thanh [Binh Thanh] txij xyoo 1923 los.

III. Yig Theej Yuam

UA LIAJ / TEB, NQE

    Nws twb tau hais lawm tias cov av ntawm Bienhoa [Ib Hoàn] nws tsis haum rau kev cog qoob loo. Tsuas yog hais txog 30000 hectares ntawm thaj av nyob rau hauv kev siv riee-teb. Lub xeev Bienhoa nrog nws thaj chaw thaj av ntawm cov av muaj roj av ntau heev, yuav, hauv ob peb xyoos, ua rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag hevea rau cov roj hmab ntau lawm. Tshaj 32000 hectares tau raug pom zoo rau cov tuam txhab ntawm hevea cog. Thaj chaw tiag tiag cog tshaj 8500 hectares, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntoo twb tawg los yog txiav yog kwv yees 795.553. Xyoo 1924 kev tsim cov roj hmab qhuav ntau dua li ntau tshaj 1.500 tons. Cov roj hmab xeb tau dhau mus, cov tuam txhab tau rov qab ua tib zoo saib rau kev siv lawv cov ua liaj ua teb thiab nce thaj tsam lawv thiab txhawb nqa.

VARIOUS CULTIVATIONS - COCOA Ciaj

    Thaj chaw ntau tshwj tseg rau cov kev ua teb no yog 1.500 hectares, ntawm uas 800 hectares twb tau ua haujlwm lawm.

SUGAR CANE Ciaj ua teb

    Cov nyob no kwv yees li 1.100 hectares thiab nyob hauv lub cantons ntawm qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm lub xeev.

NCEJ QUS NTOO

    1.700 hectares ntawm thaj av nyob hauv kev sau qoob loo, nrog rau kev tsim txhua xyoo ntawm 600.000 kilos. Lwm yam kev cog ntoo ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thib ob yog: Kas fes, haus luam yeeb, ntoo thuv-txiv ntoo, Arachides (ntiaj teb-noob txiv), txiv hmab txiv ntoo-ntoo thiab zaub.

KEV SIB NTAUS

    Muaj kev lag luam ncaj ncees hauv lub xeev. Sib nrug los ntawm kev sib pauv cov khoom lag luam tawm hauv lub xeev, kev khiav lag luam hauv cov ntoo tau tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Cov hav zoov ntawm Bienhoa muab tag nrho ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo (trac, cam-lai, ntau hom mus, sao, dau thiab lwm yam.) thiab ntoo tau siv los ntawm cov chaw lag luam thiab cov tib neeg, uas ua rau siv cov kav hlau los faib lawv cov khoom muag rau lwm cov xeev ntawm Cochin-Tuam Tshoj. Secondly, granite thiab laterite quarries yog kev txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb commercical.

KEV LAG LUAM

    Kev lag luam hav zoov suav, nyob rau xyoo 1923, rau kev lag luam tseem ceeb hauv qab no: 47.000 qhov cub qhov cub ntawm hluav taws-ntoo, 11.000 cubic ntawm cov cav ntoo rau kev tsim kho, 5.000 cubic meters ntawm cov ntoo rau cov ntoo txua ntoo, 170 tons ntawm hluav ncaig, 120 tons ntawm lub pob zeb. Lub tuam txhab tshiab tau tsim, lub npe "Indo-Suav Hav Zoov Co." Ntawm Nkauj Hmoob Dinh [Sông Dinh], nyob rau sab pem toj siab ntawm lub xeev, ze ntawm tus pem hauv ntej ntawm Annam [Ib qho Nam], txhawm rau qheb qhov kev lag luam ntoo, nrog txhua yam kev teeb tsa tshiab (saw-mills-chav thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob, "materiel Decauville", thiab lwm yam.)). Muaj yog Suav rhais chaw nyob ntawm Binh Truoc. Cov zis txhua xyoo yog li ntawm 400 mus txog 450.000 ລິດ ntawm cov cawv ib txwm muaj.

Neej HAIV NEEG TSWV YIM LOS

    Muaj 330 pawg ua haujlwm tshiab, uas tsuas yog ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm hlais nplej. Muaj ib tus neeg Suav weaver nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Binh Truoc ua tus tswv me me kev lag luam paj rwb nrog qhov tawm txhua hli ntawm 3.500 meters ntawm cov khoom. Nws yog cov khoom zoo thiab raug muag ntawm Bienhoa [Ib Hoàn], Saigon [Siv Gòn] thiab Nyaj Lon [Chaw Lớn]. Ib lub chaw tsim tshuaj txhuam hniav, muaj rau M. Prevot, muaj nyob ntawm Phuoc Li [Phước Li].

Txhais tau tias KEV SIB TXUAS LUS

    Cov no kuj muaj coob heev. Dhau li ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn] - Phanthiet [Phan Thib], uas siv li rau zaus ib hnub, nyob ntawd thiab thim rov qab, muaj kaum-ib lub tsheb pabcuam pej xeem kev tsav tsheb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj cov neeg caij nkoj thauj khoom hauv lub xeev. Lub nkoj thiab cov nkoj thauj rau kev thauj khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom, ntawm granite, laterite, tais diav ntim chaws, cereals, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tau siv rau tus lej ntawm 1.700 sib txawv raws qhov loj me.

IV. Keeb Kwm

    (…) Yog li Bienhoa [Ib Hoàn] tau kov yeej los ntawm tus Tswv ntawm Hawj txawm [Hue] (Annam [An Nam].) Nguy Hn Hieui Vuong [Nguyễn Hiếu Vương], nyob rau hauv tus vajntxwv txoj kev kav Le Thang Ton [Lê Thánh Tôn] (1648-1663) thiab xuv xwm los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Quang Nam [Quang Nam], Quang Ngai [Quang Ngai] thiab Ninh Binh [Ninh Binh]. Rau 1705, qhov no colony tau nce los ntawm kev tuaj txog ntawm Chinamen, khib nyiab ntawm ib pab tub rog nyob rau hauv General Duong Ngan Li [Dương Ngân Lịch]. Nrog kev pabcuam ntawm cov neeg nkag tebchaws tseem ceeb no, lub tebchaws raug tshem tawm thiab coj mus ua qoob loo. Kev ua lag luam thiab kev lag luam tau tsim ntau heev, thiab lub zos ntawm Ban Lan tau dhau los ua cov chaw lag luam tseem ceeb, ntau zaus los ntawm kev ua lag luam nkoj ntawm ntau haiv neeg, uas tau nce mus rau Dong Nai [Ng Nai] txwv tsis pub lawv cov khoom muag. Bienhoa- [Thib Ib Hoàn] Tinh tau koom nrog cov neeg Annam txog rau hnub uas nws txoj hauj lwm los ntawm Fabkis xyoo 1861. Raws li Fabkis txoj kev kav, Bienhoa Tinh [Thib Ib Hoàn] tau tsim ua peb lub xeev: Baria [Bà Rau], Bienhoa [Ib Hoàn], Thudaumot [Qhov no Một].

NTUJ TU TU THƯ
12 / 2019

CEEB TOOM:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Tus neeg pleev kob, tau yug los hauv Valenciennes - thaj chaw qaum teb ntawm Fabkis. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej thiab haujlwm:
+ 1905-1920: Ua haujlwm nyob rau tebchaws Indochina thiab yog tus saib xyuas haujlwm tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm rau tus thawjcoj ntawm Indochina;
+ Xyoo 1910: Xib Fwb ntawm Far East Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Fabkis;
+ Xyoo 1913: Kawm keeb kwm kev kos duab thiab tshaj tawm ntau cov lus tshaj tawm;
+ Xyoo 1920: Nws rov qab mus rau Fab Kis thiab npaj duab kos duab ua yeeb yam hauv Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - kos duab toj roob hauv pes txog Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, thiab qee yam khoom plig nco qab. los ntawm Far East;
+ Xyoo 1922: Tshaj tawm cov ntawv sau txog Kev Hniav Zoo Nkauj hauv Tonkin, Indochina;
+ Xyoo 1925: Yeej qhov khoom plig loj ntawm Colonial Exhibition hauv Marseille, thiab koom tes nrog tus kws kes duab vajtse Pavillon de l'Indochine los tsim cov khoom sab hauv;
+ Xyoo 1952: Tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 68 thiab tawm ntau daim duab thiab duab thaij;
+ 2017: Nws daim duab ua yeeb yam tau tiav los ntawm nws cov xeeb ntxwv.

ua tim khawv:
"Phau ntawv"LA COCHINCHINE”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong DucHồng ib] Cov tshaj tawm, Hanoi, 2018.
◊  wikipedia.org
Vietnamese Cov lus Nyab Laj thiab cov lus khav thev yog muab tso nrog sab hauv kab ntawv cim - raug teeb tsa los ntawm Ban Tu Thu.

KOJ NTXIV:
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Tshooj 1
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Tshooj 2
◊  SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊  GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊  COCHINCHINA