SAIGON - La Cochinchine
Hits: 742
MARCEL BENANOISE1
I. Lub Neej Keeb Kwm Sab
SIB THAM
Qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn] yog nyob ntawm Saigon tus dej, ib qho me me ntawm cov Donai [Ng Nai], 43 mais deb ntawm hiav txwv.
EBB THIAB TIDE
Hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj Saigon [Siv Gòn] nthwv dej ua yam ntxwv tsaj heev. Muaj ob qho kev sib tw hauv 24 teev. Tus siab tshaj plaws ntawm nthwv dej no 3,60m ntawm nthwv dej zoo nkauj heev. Cov dej ntws ntawm cov dej hauv dej tau tswj hwm, txawm tias lawv tsawg zuj zus los ntawm me ntsis nyob rau hauv ib teev thiab ib nrab rau ob teev tom qab muaj siab khi, uas yog hais: lub dej nyab tam sim no tsuas yog ua tiav qib ib thiab ib nrab xuaj moos mus rau ob xuaj moos tom qab lub siab ntab dej hiav txwv, thiab ebb qib tam sim no nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab tsawg kawg ntawm dej hiav txwv.
cov ebb dej ntas Yog sai tshaj ntawd cov uas cuam tshuam dej nyab, thiab kav ntev me ntsis ntxiv, tseem ceeb txij lub Rau Hli mus txog Kaum Ib Hlis.
II. Kev lag kev luam thiab kev tswj hwm Geography
PIB
Qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn] muaj pob zeb ntawm kev deb li 1km. Nyob rau hauv ntev, tsaws theem ntawm lub “Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes”. Ntxiv mus, cov nkoj nkag rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj txhawm rau nqa cov khoom thauj ntawm cov nkoj, thiab cov khoom thauj uas tuaj txog ntawm cov nkoj, muaj ntawm lawv qhov chaw pov tseg 14 cov chaw nres nkoj hauv tus dej, thiab 21 txhim kho cov ncauj lus, uas tau raug mob raws tus dej ntws mus rau lub zos.
LUB TXUJ CI KAWG LUB KOOM HAUM
Los ntawm ib cov degree ntawm 2nd Lub Ib Hlis 1914 kev ywj pheej tau muab rau qhov chaw nres nkoj, thiab nws yog tswj hwm los ntawm pawg neeg xaiv tsa los ntawm tus tswv xeev thiab xaiv los ntawm cov sawv cev ntawm cov thawj coj, ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, ntawm cov nkoj-cov tswv, thiab ntawm cov tub luam thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb.
PEJXEEM KHWV
Cov kev pab cuam loj heev ntawm Public Works tau muaj lawm neeg tseem ceeb los ntawm cov Pawg Neeg Thawj CojCov. Qhov no tau ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm cov peev txheej hauv cheeb tsam thiab se, nrog rau kev qiv ntawm ob lab piastres, uas cov thawj coj tau tso cai tawm.
Tus thawj xibfwb cov haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua yog: Kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov quays, los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm quays uas twb muaj lawm, thiab ntawm cov quays lossis tsaws chaw tseem tsim; los ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau (cov kev tsheb ciav hlau ib leeg thiab Deauville kev tsheb ciav hlau), uas yog yuav tsim ua ke nrog cov kev thov no; los ntawm cov tuam tsev hauv cov tsev khaws thiab tsim cov tsev ntim khoom rau tso ntim khoom; qhov erection ntawm cia-tsev thiab ntawm cov chaw rau khoom dav dav; lub chaw thau khoom ntawm lub tsev ntim khoom hluav taws xob ua haujlwm nrog txhua hom khoom siv rau kev thauj khoom thiab thau tawm; thaum kawg lub installation ntawm tig rov qab cranes rau unloading khoom zoo li ntxiv rau khaws cia hauv chaw rau khoom.
Kev xav nrog qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn], qhov kev txhim kho kom muaj lub teeb muaj zog rau kev ua kom nrawm ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm Nyaj Lon [Chaw Lớn] thiab Saigon [Siv Gòn] kuj tseem txiav txim siab.
POLICE-Chaw Haujlwm
Qhov chaw nres nkoj tswj cov tub ceev xwm lub cev tshwj xeeb, muab tso rau ntawm nws qhov chaw pov tseg los ntawm tus tswv xeev ntawm Cochin-Tuam Tshoj, thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg rau thaj av zoo li ntawm cov kev tsheb thauj mus los uas yog rau thaj chaw ntawm chaw nres nkoj.
NYIAJ TXIAG
Cov peev nyiaj ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj uas tshaj, ib lab piastres sib npaug los ntawm kev nkag mus-tus nqi thiab cov nuj nqis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lwm yam kev siv nyiaj.
STATISTICS
Lub xyoo tonnage ntawm chav ncu anchoring nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn] tau los tam sim no ze li ntawm 1.600.000 tons muaj ntau tshaj 800 lub nkoj uas tsis tas yuav tsav nkoj lis.
Tus nqi ntshuam thiab txawv hauv xyoo 1922 nrog kev hais txog cov nkoj hauv hiav txwv tau 280.000.000 piastres, thiab cov nkoj coasting 48.000.000 piastres.
Tus thawj tswj hwm kev ua liaj ua teb, xa tawm los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn], yog mov, kev xa khoom uas yog txhua xyoo nce, txawm tias thaum suav qhov txiav txim siab nruab nrab. Qhov siab kawg tau mus txog hauv 1921 nrog 1.517.000 tons ntawm cov khoom xa tawm.
Lwm cov khoom lag luam, xa tawm los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn], yog kua txob, paj rwb, Is Nrias teb roj hmab, copra, ntsev-ntses, zaub roj thiab cov rog thiab cov ntses-roj, thiab lwm yam. Txhua yam khoom ua liaj ua teb ntawm Cochin-Tuam Tshoj tau nce siab los ntawm xyoo thiab xyoo thiab kev tsav tsheb ntawm chaw nres nkoj ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn] nws tau txuas rau ib xyoos ib zaug. Qhov nce no yog kwv yees li ib xyoos.
NEEJ NEEG
Pib xyoo 1921.
Cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn] nqi rau:
Cov Neeg European: 8.444
Annamites: 50.086 Cov
Khab Meem: 151
Cov neeg ntawm Tonking: 3.956
Suav: 23.244
Minh-IIuong: 143
Ntawm qhov sib txawv: 3.178
Tag nrho cov: 89.202
Lub Nroog Nyaj Lon [Chaw Lớn] muaj:
Cov Neeg European: 572
Annamites: 85.725 Cov
Khab Meem: 810
Suav: 98.123
Minh-IIuong: 9.800
Ntawm qhov sib txawv: 751
Tag nrho cov: 195.781
III. Keeb Kwm
Keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn] yog cov thaum ub (…). Lub nroog tsa rau saum qhov siab, lossis "giongloj”, Nyob rau hauv cov Delta muaj ntau ntawm cov“cov giong”Nce rau saum cov kwj dej loj kawg nkaus. Txwv tsis pub mus rau lwm yam khoom plig uas ntws los ntawm Cochin-Tuam Tshoj, tus Saigon [Siv Gòn] thiab Danoi [Ng Nai] cov dej ntws tau yooj yim txhua lub sijhawm rau cov neeg tso dej ntau tshaj.
...Saigon [Siv Gòn] dhau los ua nplej ua ntej-kev ua lag luam ntawm Cochin-Tuam Tshoj, thiab los ntawm 1680 Suav tuam txhab suav tau los ntawm Canton thiaj li yuav coj cov kev cai caij nkoj. Txij ntawd txij hnub tim xub thawj kev txiav txim siab ntawm Suav nyob hauv Cochin-China.
Lub tom kawg tsis ntev nyob hauv kev txiav txim nyob hauv zej zog ntawm Annamite lub nroog uas txuas ntxiv ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Grand Canal, uas tau ntim puv xyoo 1886 thiab cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no Boulevard Chamer thiab "Fort du Sud". Cov Suav tswm nyob 6 kms nrug deb ntawm Saigon thiab nrhiav chaw lag luam (Txoov Lis [Chợ Lớn]).
Lub nroog ntawm Nyaj Lon [Chaw Lớn] nthuav dav heev thaum kawg ntawm XVIIIth xyoo pua, thiab sai heev tau dhau los qhov chaw xa khoom-nruab nrab ntawm cov nplej rau cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm yav qab teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Suav tau ze rau qhov yuav luag tag nrho kev lag luam tawm-kev lag luam hauv mov.
Xyoo 1860 muaj chaw nres nkoj ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn] tau tshaj tawm tias "Dawb-Chaw nres nkoj" los ntawm Fabkis uas thaum ntawd tau tsim lawv tus kheej nyob ntawd, thiab Saigon [Siv Gòn] tseem tshuav Chaw nres nkoj Dawb mus txog xyoo 1887, thaum Fab Kis cov nyiaj tau los- raws li txoj cai lij choj thiab cov nqi them Nqi tau raug qhia hauv Cochin-Tuam Tshoj. Lawv pib pib sau cov haujlwm hauv kev lis kev cai ntawm cov se suav dav dav rau cov se hauv nroog.
Cov se no txij li tau hloov kho ntau zaus, thiab tam sim no Indo-Suav cov haujlwm ntiag tug tau sau.
NTUJ TU TU THƯ
12 / 2019
CEEB TOOM:
1: Hoạ sĩ Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) sinh ra ở Valenciennes - vùng cực Bắc nước Pháp. Tóm tắt cuộc đời và sự nghiệp:
+ 1905-1920: Làm việc Đô ương DĐông và daim ntawv pov thawj cho Thống đốc ĐôĐô Dương;
+ Xyoo 1910: Làm zej vi ở Trường Viễn ĐôĐông của Pháp;
+ Xyoo 1913: Nyiam nug tau nawb và xuất bản một số bài báo học thuật;
+ 1920: ởng trở về Phềp và tà chức triển lãm nghệ thuật ở Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - các bức tranh phong cảnh về Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia , cũng như một số đồ lưu nệm từ Viễn ĐôĐông;
+ Xyoo 1922: Xuất bản sách về Nghệ thuật trang trí ở Bắc Kỳ, ƯơĐô dương;
+ Xyoo 1925: Đạt được lub sij hawm ntawd tại Triển lãm thuộc địa ở Marseille, và hợp tác với kiến trúc sư của Pavillon de l'Indochine tạo ra một bộ vật dụng nội thất;
+ 1952: Qua đời ở tuổi 68 và để lại một số lớn các tác phẩm tranh, ảnh;
+ 2017: Xưởng tranh của ông nh phc phát mãi thành công bởi hậu duệ của ông.
ua tim khawv:
"Phau ntawv"LA COCHINCHINE”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong DucHồng ib] Cov tshaj tawm, Hanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Vietnamese Cov lus Nyab Laj thiab cov lus khav thev yog muab tso nrog sab hauv kab ntawv cim - raug teeb tsa los ntawm Ban Tu Thu.