KEV HLOOV QHOV TSEEB THIAB MARTIAL ARTS of VIETNAM - Tshooj 2
Hits: 501
HUNG NGUYEN MANH
… Txuas ntxiv…
Martial Arts Schools & Cov Cai
Nyab laj martial arts ntawm Vietnam officially tsim nyob rau hauv martial arts tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv feudal kav.
Yog li ntawd, yog cov ntaub ntawv muaj nws qhov chaw ncaj ncees thaum ntxov hauv lub tsev hais plaub huab tais, ntaus nrig kuj tsim nyob rau hauv parallel nyob rau hauv Nyab Laj keeb kwm ntawm tsov rog thiab kev thaj yeeb. Kev tsov kev rog tshwm sim tas li thiab kev ua yeeb yam muaj yeej. Qee zaum, txawm tias martial arts mandarins tuaj yeem hloov pauv lub tsev kawm ntawv imperial. Tran Quoc Nuj tau qhuas li Hung Dao Vuong. Nws yog ib tug martial arts mandarin tsis yog ntawm Nyab Laj xwb tab sis kuj ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nws raug lees paub tias yog ib tug teb hav iav uas rhuav tshem lub ambition ntawm kev kav lub ntiaj teb no ntawm Mongolian faj tim teb chaws. Cov tub rog ntawm no Mongolian faj tim teb chaws tuaj yeem zaum thiab pw ntawm nees rov qab thaum muaj kev tawm tsam, zoo li armored invaders. Cov tub rog coj raws li kev npau suav ntawm Genghis Khan cov, uas yog “tau lub hnub txhos caug hauv qab nws txhais taw"Thaum lawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub qab ntug ntawm lawv cov nees muaj zog.
Kev khav theeb zoo li saum toj no tau tsim nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thaum ntxov ntawm tib neeg, xws li cov Roman teb chaws Ottoman, los yog cov ciaj sia faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub thiab niaj hnub keeb kwm, lub Nazi faj tim teb chaws, uas keeb kwm ntawm Nyab Laj tau ntsib.
Sab nraum cov nplej thiab cov zos, qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua tau teeb rau kev tawm tsam tawm tsam kev tawm tsam txawv teb chaws, muaj ntau yam patriotic heroes. Peb yuav tsum tau hais txog txawv dynasties nrog kev koom tes loj hauv kev tsim lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv kev nom kev tswv platform ntawm Oriental philosophy.
Cia peb hlais dhau lub sijhawm keeb kwm ntawm Nguyen Dynasty. Nyab laj martial arts nkag mus rau a kev cob qhia system nrog ntau yam xwm txheej tshwm sim ntawm Tswv Trinh Cuong era.
- A martial arts tsev kawm ntawv tau qhib rau hauv 1721 (th ibxyoo thib ob ntawm Bao Thai, Le Trung Hung era) thiab tsa giao thu (mandarins saib xyuas kev kawm hauv ib lub zos).
– Muaj martial arts xeem nyob rau hauv 1723 (4th xyoob Bao Thai) thiab lawv tau tuav txhua peb xyoos (ib yam li cov ntawv nyeem).
Tsis zoo li niaj hnub kev lag luam hauv zej zog, Eastern feudal haiv neeg ntawm lub sijhawm qub tsis tau siv txhua xyoo rau npe tab sis txhua peb xyoos nrog rau xyoo sib txawv rau ntaub ntawv thiab txuj ci. rau ntaus nrig, cov kev xeem tau teeb tsa raws li hauv qab no:
1. Thib Yog li cu (Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Zos): Organized nyob rau hauv lub zos lub zos nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm nas, Nees, Cat, Qaib. Cov uas dhau mus yuav tau txais Tao si diploma (zoo ib yam li bachelor degree).
2. Thib Bac ua (Examination of Great Recruitment): Organized at the capital mus recruit Tao si (zoo ib yam li kws kho mob) nyob rau hauv lub xyoo Zaj, Aub, Tv, tshis. Thawj xyoo yog xyoo tshis, 1724, hauv pawg ntseeg Thinh Quang nrog kaum ib tus neeg suav tias dhau mus.
Thaum lub sij hawm 69 xyoo ntawm Le Trung Hung era, muaj kaum cuaj xeem nrog 199 ua, cov uas muaj 59 tao si xuat dua (nrog martial arts tom qab) thiab 140 dong tao si xuat tshaj (zoo ib yam li martial arts tom qab).
Thaum lub sij hawm Nguyen Dynasty, lub 18th xyoo of Minh Muas (1837), muaj ib txoj cai tshiab.
Tus huab tais tshaj tawm hais tias "txog tam sim no kev xeem martial arts tseem tsis tau muaj cai.” Yog li ntawd, tus huab tais tau teeb tsa cov kev cai rau kev sib tw, uas tseem nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm lub Le dynasty.
Cov kev sib tw yog rau cov neeg uas muaj martial arts thiab tub rog classics xperiences. Cov kev sib tw tau tuav txhua peb lub xyoos los ntawm kev xeem martial arts npe tom qab kev xeem ntawv: Kev xeem Huong (kev xeem hauv xeev) nyob rau hauv lub xyoo Tsov, liab, nab, npua; thiab thi hoi (kev xeem hauv nroog) nyob rau hauv lub xyoo Zaj, Aub, Twb, tshis.
Tshwj xeeb, hauv 6th xyoo ntawm Thieu Tri tiam (1846), tus huab tais tso cai rau ib tug ua kho (special favor exam) hu ua Khoa thi Vo kinh (Kev xeem tub rog classicsrau cov neeg sib tw ntawm 31 lub xeev. Nws zoo ib yam li Phau Ntawv tsi Dinh (imperial tsev hais plaub kuaj).
Muaj ib qho txawv ntawm qhov Nguyen dynasty los ntawm Le Dynasty, uas yog qhov omission ntawm qhov kev sim ntsuas (tub rog classics) thiab tsom ntsoov rau kev kawm tawm kev tua neeg. Tej zaum txij thaum ntawd los, Nyab Laj martial arts coj "kev nruj kev tsiv" rau hauv pej xeem lub siab.
Txhua tus neeg sib tw yuav tsum mus dhau peb qhov kev xeem ua ntu zus: Thawj qhov kev xeem yog lub cev yuag. Qhov kev xeem thib ob yog siv cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv, thiab ua yeeb yam martial arts. Qhov thib peb kev xeem yog siv muskets.
Qhov kev xeem thib peb yog qhov kev xeem zaum kawg rau cov uas tsis tuaj yeem xeem dhau thawj ob. Cov neeg sib tw feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ntaus lub hom phiaj vim tias cov muskets raug txwv thaum cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv cov zos me tsis muaj qhov chaw tua phom kom zoo.
Saum toj no yog thawj martial arts kev kuaj xyuas ntawm lub Nguyen dynasty, uas tau tuav hauv lub peev kom muab khoom plig vo cu nhan degree (martial arts bachelor)). Xyoo 1848, lub thawj xyoo Tu Duc, cov cai xeem raug hloov. Cov neeg sib tw tsis tau mus kawm tag nrho peb qhov kev xeem ua ntu zus tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv. Yog tias lawv ua tsis tau ib qho ntawm peb, lawv tsis raug tso cai raug sim ntxiv hauv lwm qhov chaw.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo peb ntawm Tu Duc (1850), cov txheej txheem xeem tau hloov dua. Cov neeg sib tw tau mus kawm thawj ob qhov kev xeem ua ntu zus. Yog hais tias lawv tau txais cov qhab nia siab, lawv raug tso cai los xeem kev xeem thib peb ces suav tias hla. Xyoo thib plaub ntawm Tu Duc (1851), tus huab tais teem ob qhov kev xeem, Vo hoi thi thiab Vo dien thi, ces tsi Dinh. Yog cov neeg sib tw muaj paub txog martial arts, lawv tuaj yeem sau npe rau koj vo (martial arts bachelor xeem). Yog tias lawv tsis paub ntawv tab sis dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas txoj kev xav, lawv raug txiav txim siab thib ob nkaus xwb. Yog tias sau npe, cov neeg sib tw yuav muaj ib qho qhov ncauj kuaj nrog tsib nqe lus nug on Plaub phau ntawv, Tub Rog Classics thiab phau ntawv ntawm cov thawj coj nto moo yav dhau los thiab tam sim no. Yog tias lawv tuaj yeem teb tau yooj yim, lawv yuav raug tso cai coj mus tig din. Qhov khoom plig rau cov neeg sib tw no yog ib qho dien ban yen (huab tais nyiam) thiab muab ib tug nees rau vinh quy bai to (rov qab los tsev ua tsaug rau cov poj koob yawm txwv tom qab tau txais kev qhuas qhuas) (Daim duab 4), tib yam li ntawv thi dinh. Muaj ib daim duab ntawm Henri Oger hauv 1908-1909 piav qhia txog tus kws kho mob nrog kev kho mob tshwj xeeb thaum lub sijhawm Nguyen Dynasty. Ntawm no, daim duab tsis qhia cov duab ntawm "Ngựa ông đi trước, võng nường theo sau"(ib tug hluas nkauj hluas tau caij nyob rau hauv ib tug palandquin ua ntej los ntawm nws tus txiv nyob rau hauv nees).
Peb paub cov duab ntawm tus cov kws kho mob rov qab los tsev nyob rau thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua, thaum lub ntiaj teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj pib poob ces lawv thiaj li tso cai xwb chij, board, nees, thiab parasol.
Qhov chaw kuaj mob
Qhov chaw kuaj mob yog thaj av tsis muaj, nyob ib puag ncig ntawm xyoob laj kab; muaj cov tsev zov nrog cov chij ntawm plaub fab; sab nraum tau ntse xyoob sticks tiv thaiv intruders.
Qhov chaw kuaj mob tau muab faib ua plaub qhov tseem ceeb hu ua vi (cheeb tsam sub) nrog plaub lub npe sib txawv ntawm kev txawj: tri, dung, tai, luc [trí, dũng, tài, lực] (txawj ntse, ua siab loj, wit, zog). Ua ntej txhua tus vi yog lub tsev pheeb suab ntawm peb meters siab thiab nruab nrog phom. Cov tsev zov me nyuam muaj balconies los soj ntsuam tag nrho cov chaw kuaj mob. Hauv qab no yog cottages rau cov neeg sib tw so. Peb tsis tau pom cov duab ntawm cov tsev pheeb suab ntawm kev xeem martial arts tseem tab sis H. Oger tau qhia peb lub tsev pheeb suab ntawm kev xeem ntawv nyeem (Daim duab 5).
Thaum kawg, tus tsi huong [tig hng] (kev xeem hauv xeev) tau tuav los xaiv tus naj npawb txaus ntawm martial arts bachelors.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg sib tw sau npe rau lub tao si [tso seu] title ces tus huab tais tuav tsis tau txo hoi [thi hli] (kev xeem hauv nroog). Yog li ntawd, qhov kev xeem tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub peev Hawj txawm [Hue] xwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj cov kws txiav txim plaub txaus los tiv thaiv cov kev xeem. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj kev ntseeg dab. Yog vim li cas tus Tao si [Taj laj] kev xeem tsuas yog rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv xwb. Hauv Binh Dinh [Txuas ntxiv] thiab Cov nom Has [Hà Nội], tsis muaj npe tao si [tso seu].
Txij thaum ntawd los, thi hoi tuav tsis tau. Binh Dinh [Txuas ntxiv] tau los ua nto moo rau lub npe ntawm martial arts tsev kawm ntawv ntawm ua nhan [kev nh], tao si [tso seu].
Thi hlo [Thiaj li] zoo ib yam li tsi huong [tig hng] tab sis nrog qhov hnyav sib txawv, 66 kilograms rau thi huong thiab 72 kilograms rau txo hoi [thi hli]. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov hnyav hauv thi huong yog li 64 meters thiab 80 meters rau txo hoi [thi hli].
… NTXIV…
PAJ MUAS TU THU
12 / 2019
SAIB ALSO:
◊ KEV HLOOV QHOV TSEEB THIAB MARTIAL ARTS of VIETNAM - Tshooj 1
◊ KEV HLOOV QHOV TSEEB THIAB MARTIAL ARTS of VIETNAM - Tshooj 3