Cov tswv yim ntawm kev ntaus lawj - purelandvietnamstudies.com

KEV HLOOV QHOV TSEEB THIAB MARTIAL ARTS of VIETNAM - Tshooj 3

4368 Views Nguyen Manh Hung

HUNG NGUYEN MANH

… Txuas ntxiv:

Tom qab tshawb fawb, peb tuaj yeem pom cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntaus nrig ntawm kev coj ua lub sijhawm qub tau yooj yim. Cia peb sim piav qhia nws raws li ua raws (raws li cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm):

1. Kev Nyhav: Xaiv lub pob zeb lossis cov hmoov txhuas txhuas nyob ib ncig ntawm 36 kilos. Martial cov kws ua yeeb yam tau xyaum los ntawm kev nqa nws mus hauv qis kom pab lawv cov leeg khov kho. Qhov hnyav yuav maj mam nce ntxiv.

2. Xyaum kev ua haujlwm siab: Xaiv cov ceg siab lossis tsim kom muaj chaw siab (zoo li cov kab rov tav). Kev xyaum rub tawm thiab nqis tsib rau xya zaus txhua hnub.

Qhov kev coj ua no zoo ib yam li cov kab rov tav: Rub ob txhais ko taw rau tus ceg thiab dov mus kom muaj pob tw kom zoo thiab xyaum dhia.

3. xyaum dhia zoo: Xaiv tus taw qis thiab xyaum dhia. Coj cov ris ntev nrog rau xuab zeb thiab maj mam tshem tawm cov xuab zeb mus xyaum. Kom txog thaum cov xuab zeb tau tso tag nrho, cov kws ntaus nrig yuav xav tias muaj teeb. Tus kws txawj tua tau zoo kuj tseem dhia mus rau saum ru tsev thiab.

4. Ntaus nrig thiab ncaws: Siv ob txhais tes xuas nrig xuas ib rab hnab nplej txhua hnub. Yog tias xyaum ua ntev ntev, ib tus tuaj yeem xuas nrig ntawm tsob ntoo txiv tsawb. Kicemperor txiv tsawb ntoo ces av ntsa thiab pob tsuas.

5. Kev xyaum riam phom: Cov cuab yeej ua rog heev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd yog cov neeg ua haujlwm, ntaub thaiv, thiab harlberd. Txhua qhov riam phom tau nws tus kheej ntawm kev coj ua, ib leeg zuj zus, hauv cov khub, lossis seev cev (txheej txheem). Tus kws qhia ib txwm tuav lub nruas hauv nws txhais tes los khaws txoj kev ntaus rau cov kawm (zoo li thaum xyaum ntaus piano).

Nco tseg: Thaum lub sijhawm xyaum ua, cov neeg kawm tawm kev kawm txhob hais lus tsuas yog noj cov kua zaub los yog ob peb lub txiv tsawb. Thaum xyaum, cov kawm feem ntau tau mob leeg thiab tus kws qhia yuav npaj nplooj xyoob rau qhov mob.

Raws li tau piav los saum no, txij li 17 xyoo ntawm Minh Mang, kev tshawb xyuas kev tua kabmob yog nyob rau hauv Thua Thien, tom qab ntawd nyob hauv Hanoi thiab Thanh Hoa. Thi Huong tau ua nyob rau hauv xyoo raws li txoj cai Yin thiab Yang: Nas, Nees, Miv, Qaib.

Thi Hoi tau muaj nyob rau hauv xyoo ntawm Zaj, Aub, Twm, Tshis.

Lwm lub sijhawm ntxiv yog rau kev xeem ntawv. Hais txog kev ntsuam xyuas cov txheej txheem, ua ntej ntawm txhua tus, cov neeg sib tw yuav tsum xeem peb qhov kev soj ntsuam ua ntu zus:

I. Kev kuaj thawj: Lub cev hnyav

- Cov luj tau puab ntawm kev coj ntawm ua, kwv yees li 66 kilos.
- Siv ob txhais tes nqa ob lub luj sib nrug ntev li ntawm 64 metres lossis ntev dua, nyob ntawm seb tus neeg sib tw yuav muaj zog npaum li cas.

Yog tias dhau los, cov neeg sib tw yuav zoo dua.
- Yog tias tus neeg yuav sib tw tsuas siv tau ib txhais tes nqa ib qhov hnyav, lawv yuav tsum mus ntau dua 120 metres thiaj li yuav raug tau qib zoo dua.
- Yog nqa ntawm ob txhais tes thiab mus los ntawm 48 metres lossis ib txhais tes nqa ib qho hnyav thiab mus 64 meters, lawv yuav raug txiav txim siab dhau.
- Yog tsis muaj, lawv yuav raug tshem tawm.

II. Thib ob: Siv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab rab hmuv

1Cov. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua los ntawm cov hlau, hnyav 18 kilos, muab faib ua peb ntu. Cov neeg sib tw yuav tsum tau tsiv lawv cov ceg zoo li seev cev, thawb thiab ntaus lub hom phiaj.
- Yog tias lawv tuaj yeem mus rau 240 meters, lawv yuav raug ntsuas qhov nruab nrab.
- Yog tias lawv mus tau 160 mev, lawv yuav suav hais tias dhau. Yog tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov deb, lawv yuav raug tshem tawm.

2Cov. Cov hmuv tau ntev li ntawm 3.5 meters. Cov neeg sib tw siv ib sab tes los tuav hauv qab ntawm rab hmuv; lwm sab tes tuav qhov nruab nrab, sawv 12 meters deb ntawm tus menyuam roj hmab. Tom qab ntawd, tus neeg sib tw dhia tawm kom tau txais qhov nrawm nrawm, taw rau qhov hom phiaj, tom qab ntawd dhia mus tsoo lub plab ntawm lub khawm menyuam roj hmab. Yog hais tias ntaus los ntawm rab koob ntawm rab hmuv, tus neeg sib tw yuav raug qib zoo dua; yog ntaus rau, lawv tau ntaus nqi nruab nrab; yog tias lawv plam lub hom phiaj, yuav raug tshem tawm.

III. Thib peb qhov kev ntsuam xyuas: Siv cov pob

- Cov neeg sib tw tua yuav tsum sawv 82 meters (20 truong thiab 5 thuoc) (5) (6) deb ntawm lub hom phiaj.
- Cov tub ntxhais raug tua raug tso cai tua XNUMX zaug:
a) Yog hais tias ntaus lub hom phiaj nrog ob txhaj, ib qho txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv lub voj voog ncig ntawm lub hom phiaj, peb qho kev txhaj tshuaj sab nraud ntawm lub hom phiaj, tus neeg sib tw tau qib zoo dua.
b) Yog hais tias ntaus lub hom phiaj ib zaug, ib qho txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv lub voj voog ncig ntawm lub hom phiaj, plaub qhov kev txhaj tshuaj sab nraud ntawm lub hom phiaj, tus neeg sib tw tau qib nruab nrab.
c) Yog hais tias ntaus lub voj voog ncig ntawm lub hom phiaj ob zaug, plaub qhov kev txhaj tshuaj sab nraud ntawm lub hom phiaj, tus neeg sib tw tau txiav txim siab dhau.
d) Yog tias poob lub hom phiaj rau (XNUMX) zaug los sis tsuas ntaus ib zaug xwb, lawv yuav swb.

Qhov xaus tom qab kev soj ntsuam peb:

1Cov. Yog tias muaj kev tau zoo dua thiab muaj nruab nrab, tus neeg sib tw yuav tsum yog npe ua hom bachelor.
2. Yog tias kis tau tus nqi pub dhau tsuas yog siv cov ntawv muaj npe sau ntawv xwb.

Thaum lub sijhawm xeem dhau los (tshuaj ntsuam qhov ncauj), cov neeg sib tw yuav tsum mus txog peb nqe lus nug ntawm Military Classics.

Nyob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, cov sib tw yuav tau nrog qib sib txawv.

A. Thi hoi (kev soj ntsuam hauv nroog)

Thi hlo [Thiaj li] tau zoo ib yam li thi huong tab sis nrog hnyav sib txawv: 66 kilos rau tsi huong [tig hng] thiab 72 phaus rau txo hoi [thi hli].

Qhov kev ncua deb rau qhov hnyav hauv thi huong yog li 64 meters thiab 80 meters rau txo hoi [thi hli].

Yog tias dhau txhua qhov kev xeem, tus neeg sib tw yuav txiav txim siab dai trung cach [hnub qub].

B. Thi dinh (Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Imperial)

Yog tias ntxhoo (paub lus Suav thiab Yi ching), cov neeg sib tw sau npe tau lawv tus kheej hauv kev xeem.

Yog tias lawv tsis paub ntawv, lawv tsis tuaj yeem rau npe hauv Thib dinh [Thib] tab sis yuav tsum tau teb cov lus nug hauv qab no ntawm:
1Cov. Tub rog classics.
2Cov. Cov tub rog kev tawm tsam ntawm cov npe nrov rau yav dhau los thiab tam sim no.
3Cov. Keeb kwm tam sim no.

Los ntawm cov kev xeem no, cov kws txiav txim yuav ua raws cov ntawv tau soj ntsuam lawv qib.
- Yog txiav txim siab dhau, tus neeg yuav los sib tw ua si yog tus kws kho mob (kws kho mob kev coj).

a) Yuav kom muaj kev hnav khaub ncaws, kaus mom, tus chij, pawg thawj coj.
b) Txwv kev tso cai rau vinh quy bai rau (rov qab los tsev them txiaj ntsig rau pog koob yawg koob tom qab ua tiav kev qhuas) (zoo li tib si van [Lub sij hawm])

- Yog tias lawv tsis dhau lossis tsuas yog dhau qhov txo hoi [thi hli] thiab tsis tuaj koom lub tig din [thi nqi], lawv yuav raug tso cai thib ob.

CEEB TOOM:
1: LÉON VANDERMEERSCH, Le nouveau monde sinisé, Paris: Seuil, 1985.

2: Chu Van Ib [Chu Văn Ib] (1292-1370), npe tiag Chu Ib [Chu Ib], mem lub npe Tiav An [Tiều ib], tsab ntawv npe Linh Kev [Linh Triệt]. Nws yog ib tug kws qhia ntawv, kws kho mob, yog ib tus neeg siab ua si nyob hauv lub tebchaws Tran [Liab qab] Keeb kwm kev lag luam hauv keeb kwm ntawm Nyab Laj. Nws yog knighted Van Trinh Koj [Văn Trinh Công]. Tias yog vim li cas tom qab nws thiaj li paub Chu Van Ib [Chu Văn Ib]. Nws yog ib tus neeg ncaj tshaj plaws uas tau dhau tus hoc Thai hoc sinh (cov npe rau cov neeg uas dhau los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem dhau los) tsi Hoi [thi Hli]) tab sis tsis kam los ua tus neeg yug tsiaj. Hloov chaw, nws qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob hauv Huynh Chaw [Huỳnh Cung] lub zos, hla qhov Yuav kom Lich [Taug Laug] Dej. Ib qho kev qhia tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav tawm Confucianism mus rau Nyab Laj lub sijhawm no. Nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Tran Minh Toj [Trần Minh Tông] (1300-1357), nws tau dhau los ua tus xibfwb qhia ntawv ntawm thaj chaw kawm huab tais, uas nws yog lub luag haujlwm qhia ntawv huab tais huab tais Vuong, huab tais yav tom ntej Tran Hien Tong Yog [Trần Hiến Tông]. Tom qab, nyob rau hauv Du Tong txoj kev kav, nws qhov kev thov txiav caj dab xya lwm tus mandarins, uas nws liam ntawm kev noj nyiaj txiag, raug tsis kam lees. Nws nkees thiab nkees. Tom qab ntawv, nws rov qab los Phuong Hoang [Phoenix] Roob (Chi Linh, Hai Duong [Chí Linh, Hải Dương]). Nws siv tus ntawv xaum Tiav An [Tiều ib] (ib qho chaw kaw ntoo)). Tag nrho nws lub neej, nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj haujlwm qhia ntawv thiab sau ntawv.

(3) TRAN QUOC TUAN [Tran Quoc Tuan] tau yug los rau xyoo kaum peb (kaum 20), lub sijhawm ntawm lub tebchaws Mongolian nrog npau suav ntawm "kav lub ntiaj teb”, Uas ua rau Lub hom phiaj rau Nyab Laj txhawm rau txhawm rau tag nrho cov tebchaws Esxias Qab Teb. Nyob rau hauv cov thawj ntawm Tran Thu Ua [Trần Thủ Koj], Tran Quoc Nuj [Tran Quoc Tuan] rhuav tshem thawj lub tebchaws Mongolia kev tsim txom. Tom qab Tran Thu Ua [Trần Thủ Koj] tuag (1264), nws dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm tus Tran [Liab qab] Xwv kav thiab ntaus yeej haiv neeg Moob cov ntxhai coob dua zaum ob. Nws yeej yeej thib peb tshaj tus Moob dua ntxiv (1287) nrog rau Kev Sib ntaus sib tua nto moo Bach Ntaj [Ua tsaug] Tus dej rau cov av ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Vietnam [Việt Nam](Dai Viet [Ệi Việt] Era) thiab tag nrho cov tebchaws Esxias yav Qab Teb. Nws suav tias nws yog neeg dawb huv.
(4) HENRI YOG - “Kỹ thuật của người Nam Nam” (Cov txheej txheem du peuple Annamite) - siv rau hauv Cov nom Has [Hà Nội] (1908-1909)). Pabcuam xibfwb, PhD. NGUYEN MANH HUNG [Nguyễn Mạnh Hung] tshawb nrhiav, tshaj tawm, thiab tshaj tawm rau ntawm Lub Chaw Lis Haujlwm Tso Cai thiab Yeeb Yam hauv Cov nom Has [Hà Nội], Vietnam [Việt Nam] (1984) Xeev California hauv tebchaws Meskas (2004), thiab Paris Tsev Kawm Ntawv Cov Lus Qhia Txheej Tebchaws nyob rau Fabkis (2006).

(5) Truong [Trượng] yog ib chav ntev ntev ntawm Nyab Laj thiab Suav. Nws zwm rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv cov ntsuas hluav taws xob hauv cov zauv sib thooj raws li tus pas ntsuas pib. Ib qho truong muaj sib npaug li 10 tus laj kab uas yog Nyab Laj (li ntawm 4 tus Fabkis).

(6) Thuoc [Thov] yog qhov ntsuas siv ntsuas los ntsuas cov khoom, uas yog leej twg txog millimeter. Thuoc Thuoc [Thov] yog siv rau kev kos duab, ntsuas qhov ntev, qhov siab, cov ces kaum,….