TECHNIQUE of the ANNAMESE PEOPLE - Part 1: Cov ntaub ntawv no nrhiav tau thiab muaj npe li cas?
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(Technique DU PEUPLE ANNAMITE)
by HENRI YOG
cov Fab Kis Orientalist ntawm cov neeg Annamese
Piav txog: Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv, kev xav thiab sab ntsuj plig lub neej.
Ntawd yog: tus Encyclopaedia ntawm txhua tus cov cuab yeej, cuab yeej, gestures, deportment, silhouettes, thiab cwj pwm of lub neej thiab crafts of cov neeg Tonkinese-Annamese .
Associate Professor, kws kho mob keeb kwm MANH HUNG NGUYEN
Npe Npe: Lub hnab nqa khoom nqa hauv zos cov tsev kawm qib siab
Tus cwj mem lub npe: kab
1.1 Cov ntaub ntawv no tau tshawb pom thiab muaj npe li cas?
1.1.1 Hauv nroog Hanoi, txij li xyoo 50 thiab 60s, ntau tus kws kos duab qub qub uas muaj npe zoo xws li Nguyễn Đỗ Cung, Trần Văn Cẩn thiab lwm yam... thiab qee cov tub ntxhais kawm tshawb fawb tau pib ua tib zoo saib rau ntau cov ntoo txiav, ua tiav ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib pawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas cov neeg tau hais los saum toj no tau pib ua cov kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb thiab kawm. Tom qab ntawd, ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb xws li: Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Keeb Kwm, Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci, Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Sau Ntawv ntawm Encyclopaedias, Lub Tsev Haujlwm South-East-Asia, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Suav thiab Suav Tebchaws Nyab Laj, Lub Tsev Kawm Lus thiab lwm yam ... kuj tau tuaj rau hauv. tiv tauj nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais saum toj no.
Nyob rau hauv lub qub nroog ntawm Saigon, tej zaum mus rau 60's, Archaeological lub koom haum thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau paub txog thiab tau sim kawm txog cov phau ntawv qub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau xyoo 70's, thaum tib neeg pom cov tsos ntawm ntau cov ntoo uas tau hais los saum no. nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm “Vietnam Woodcuts, thaum pib ntawm lub Twentieth Xyoo pua. ” (1).
1.1.2 Hauv Paris, lub Plaub Hlis 1978, Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb (Paris) tau luam tawm ib qho tsab xov xwm hu ua “Folk Art through 650 Newly Rov qab Woodcuts” (2).
Ob lub hlis tom qab, ib qho Kev Tshaj Tawm tau raug teeb tsa ntawm Lub Tsev Kab lis kev cai ntawm Lub Nroog Bourges (Fabkis) bearing nyob rau hauv loj loj tsiaj ntawv lub npe: "Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb ntawm Nyab Laj" (3).
1.1.3 Ua raws li tsab xov xwm no thiab qhov nthuav tawm no ntau phau ntawv xov xwm Nyab Laj nyob txawv teb chaws txuas ntxiv qhia txog cov ntoo txiav, thiab cov ntawv xov xwm Art Studies hauv Hanoi kuj tau tshaj tawm tsab xov xwm ua ntej. (qhov teeb meem Tsis yog 4/78).
Xyoo 1985, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Nyab Laj tau tshaj tawm "Encyclopaedic Txuj ci tau qhia 351 sketches nrog lub npe loj: "Encyclopaedia hauv cov duab" - rho tawm los ntawm “Ntiaj teb kev lis kev cai thiab Material Encyclopaedia '" - Woodcuts paub los ntawm Anonymous Artists thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. (4).
Tsis ntev los no, ntawm nws qhov teeb meem Springtime hauv lub xyoo "Mậu Thìn" (Year of the Dragon), lub “Đất Việt” (Vietnamese Land magazine ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Nyab Laj nyob hauv Canada tau siv 8 ntawm cov ntoo txiav no los piav qhia nws cov ntawv ntawm Tết nrog cov lus piav qhia: “Nov sau woodcuts ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th ", thiab tam sim no, lwm cov ntawv xov xwm kuj tau saib xyuas cov ntoo txiav thiab sim siv lawv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tau pom ob daim ntoo uas qhia ib tug nyuj nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm lawv, uas tau xaiv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawd thiab luam tawm hauv ib phau ntawv xov xwm los ua cov duab kos rau ib tsab xov xwm hu ua: "Lub artless buffalo nyob rau hauv paintings thiab sculptures " (5).
Tsim nyog mloog yog ib phau ntawv qhia txog peb lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai (6) nyob rau hauv uas 26 ntawm 30 illustrations yog kos tom qab ib tug nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no.
1.1.4 Ua ntej, peb pom tias, txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv no tau qhia nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, nws yeej tsis tau qhia tag nrho thiab sib npaug. Yog li, qhov tseeb tam sim no tsa ntau cov lus nug uas xav tau lwm cov lus teb:
a. Puas yog nws muaj tseeb tias tom qab poob rau hauv kev xav tsis thoob rau lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo pua, txoj hmoo ntawm lub teb chaws kev coj noj coj ua zoo ntawm cov Neeg Nyab Laj "tau pib ntws - hloov ploj mus thiab rov tshwm sim - raws li cov xwm txheej ntws" los ntawm Hanoi (hauv 50 lubmus rau Saigon (tom qab 1954) thiab tom qab ntawd "tau rov ploj mus rau qee qhov tsis paub deb ntawm qab ntug" (Paris-tom qab xyoo 1975)?
b. Nws puas yog tias cov ntoo txiav hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib txoj kab tshiab ntawm pej xeem cov duab kos duab - txawv ntawm cov neeg paub ntawm Đông Hồ lub zos lossis Hàng Trống txoj kev - lossis yog cov ntoo txiav. “ib hom kev kos duab"Lossis"ib qho sib txawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb” tseem tsis tau paub?
Tej zaum, nyob rau hauv lub Scope ntawm no me me introductory phau ntawv, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag mus rau tag nrho cov facets ntawm woodcuts thiab yuav tsum tsuas "piav qhia lawv raws nraim li lawv muaj”, Yog li kom tsis txhob bestowing rau lawv“coj txawv txawv qhov tseem ceeb”Thiab yog li unintentionally“ua phem rau lawv cov txuj ci tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav"
_______
(1) TXOJ CAI - “Vietnam Woodcuts rau thaum pib ntawm lub 20th xyoo pua” - Expounder Magazine - los ntawm qhov teeb meem No.1 txog 10 xyoo 1970.
(2) PHẠM NGỌC TUẤN – Folk Art through 650 Woodcuts newly recovered – Social Sciences Review, Paris, issue No. 4/78.
(3) PHẠM NGỌC TUẤN - Cov Neeg Pleev Xim Xim ntawm Nyab Laj - Exposition ntawm Lub Tsev Kab lis kev cai ntawm lub nroog Bourges (Fabkis) txij lub Rau Hli 10, 1978 txog Lub Xya Hli 30, 1978, tau tsim los ntawm Koom Haum Neeg Nyab Laj nyob hauv Fab Kis, ua haujlwm koom tes nrog Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Txiv neej.
(4) Hauv cov teeb meem No.3, 4, thiab 5, 1985 thiab qhov teeb meem No.1, Lub Kaum Hli 1985 (cais rov luam dua).
(5) NGUYỄN QUÂN – Tus nyuj tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv paintings thiab sculptures – Vietnam Literature Magazine – issue of Tết Ất Sửu (Xyoo Tswb) (1985), P. 12.
(6) NGUYỄN THỤ - Cov duab kos rau cov phau ntawv ntawm Folk Songs thiab paj huam ntawm cov neeg Nyab Laj - Ib Lub Tebchaws Culture Palace (vol. 4) sau los ntawm NGUYỄN TẤN LONG thiab PHAN CANH, luam tawm los ntawm Sống Mới publishing tsev nyob rau xyoo 1971 hauv Saigon.
1.2 REGISTERED UAS TSEEM CEEB NTAWM SCIENTIFIC STUDY THIAB OFFICIALLY PUBLIC
1.2.1 Thaum lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1984, peb tau sau npe cov ntaub ntawv no raws li kev kawm tshawb fawb (1), raws li kev taw qhia ntawm Department of Philology ntawm HoChiMinh City University thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm Folk Arts Association thiab ntawm Vietnam Plastic Arts Artists Association.
Peb tau nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv no thiab siv zog los piav qhia txog cov teeb meem uas tau hais tseg hauv lub rooj sib tham hauv Hanoi thaum Lub Xya Hli 13, 1985.
1 rau. Professor BÙI KHÁNH THẾ (Xov xwm Doctor hauv Linguistics), CHU XUÂN DIỄN (Professor of Folk Literature), TRẦN CHÚT (Deputy-head of the Philology Department ntawm Hanoi University) tau coj peb mus rau txoj kev uas yuav tsum tau siv los qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv no.
1b. Messrs. ĐẶNG ĐỨC (tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Suav thiab Suav-tshaj tawm Nyab Laj), Trần Mai thiab Hồ Nam, (Cultural researchers) tau pab peb nrog cov lus piav qhia.
1c. Professors HOANG NHƯ MAI (xib fwb ntawm Literature), LÊ ĐÌNH KỴ (Xov xwm ntawm Literary Argumentation) TRẦN THANH ĐẠM (Xov xwm ntawm Literature), NGUYỄN LỘC (Professor of Literature), TRẦN THÁI ĐỈNH (Tus kws kho mob hauv Philosophy), LUB HOM PHIAJ (Tus Kws Kho Mob hauv Ethnology) tau nyeem thiab muab tswv yim hais txog cov ntawv sau.
1d. Messrs VÕ SĨ KHẢI (Archaeological tus kws tshawb nrhiav), TXOJ CAI TSHIAB (MS), DƯƠNG NGỌC DŨNG (Cov xibfwb qhia ntawv Askiv) tau hloov kho cov lus qub, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab no thiab lub sijhawm kawg hloov kho tau ua tiav los ntawm Mr. VŨ ANH TUẤN (Tus txhais lus)
Tom qab ntawd, peb tau txuas ntxiv qhia nws ntawm ntau qhov chaw (2) nrog rau cov Nyab Laj nyob txawv teb chaws thaum lawv rov qab los xyuas lawv lub teb chaws.
(2) a. Hauv Hanoi, cov ntaub ntawv no tau nthuav tawm ntawm cov chaw hauv qab no:
Lub koom haum Hán-Nôm, Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Neeg Nyab Xeeb ntawm Hanoi University.
b. Hauv HoChiMinh City: Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Nroog HoChiMinh, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Txawj Ntse, Lub Koom Haum Tshuaj Kho Mob, Pawg Keeb Kwm, Cov Poj Niam Yav Qab Teb Memorial Hall, Cov Hluas Publishing House, Sawv Cev Sawv Cev ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci, 4th Oriental Languages Conference ntawm Socialist Nations, koom rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 22,1986, XNUMX hauv HoChiMinh university.
1.2.2 Cov xov xwm hais txog cov ntaub ntawv no tau raug coj los ntawm ntau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm (1) thiab ntau tus kws tshaj lij tau ntsuas nws hauv ntau yam:
a. Ib phau ntawv keeb kwm hauv cov duab, txawm tias tsis tiav, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm nws lub peev xwm los cuam tshuam qhov tseeb thiab qhia ntau yam ntawm peb lub teb chaws lub neej nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov ntoo txiav ntoo no tseem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau “peb haiv neeg tsoos painting treasure” (Daim duab XYUMX)
Raws li HOÀNG THAO – Ib qho kev sau qub ntawm ntoo txiav –People's Journal July 20, 1985.
Fig 1: BUFFALO-HERD (reproduced los ntawm ib tug pej thuam ua los ntawm terracotta)
b. Zoo nkauj, zoo li lub neej, thiab cov ntoo txiav zoo heev muaj feem xyuam nrog cov neeg paub zoo-paintings ntawm Đông Hồ lub zos thiab Hàng Trống txoj kev. (Daim duab XYUMX)
… Hauv 50's, cov kws kos duab zoo nkauj, Nguyễn Đỗ Cung thiab Trần Văn Cẩn tau pom cov ntoo txiav ntoo hauv Hanoi, thiab tsis ntev los no, tus kws tshawb fawb Nguyễn Mạnh Hùng tau tshaj tawm cov ntawv luam tawm uas muaj nyob hauv HoChiMinh lub nroog.
PV Ntau tshaj 4000 woodcuts pej xeem-paintings rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th twb nyuam qhuav pom - Tib neeg Army, Lub Xya hli ntuj 20, 1985.
Fig 2: CARP PLAY NROG LUB hli (Nyab laj-painting)
c. Hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntoo txiav ntoo uas tsis tshua muaj nqi siab, Xibfwb-Academician Trần Văn Cẩn, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Koom Haum Plastic Arts Artists ntawm Nyab Laj tau ntsuas:
"Cov txheej no ntawm pej xeem woodcut paintings muaj ib tug heev artistic nqi. Cov artist ntawm yav tas los lub sij hawm tau pleev xim rau cov lifelike paintings nrog ib tug tiag tiag maestro txuj ci. Saib ntawm no paintings hnub no, peb xav tias zoo li rediscovering peb tus kheej (Daim duab XYUMX). Xav txog cov yas xwb arts kaum, qhov no zoo kawg painting collection tau muab cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau peb. "
PV Ib qho tshwj xeeb sau los ntawm pej xeem paintings – Newsweek Lub Xya hli ntuj, “20, 1985.
Fig 3: NTXHAIS NTAUB NTAWV HAUV LUB NTIAJ TEB
(rau txim rau ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv uas sau tsis yog ib tug cim Suav)
d. Xib fwb ntawm Keeb Kwm Phan Huy Lê hais tias:
“Qhov no yog keeb kwm sau los ntawm paintings hais txog peb cov neeg nyob hauv yav dhau los, thiab mus los ntawm txhua ceg ntawm kev sib raug zoo kev ua ub no rau ntau yam ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua neej nyob. Ntau tshaj 4000 woodcuts ua ib lub viv ncaus, diversified, thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj uas tso cai rau peb kawm txog cov kev cai, cwj pwm, thiab kev ntseeg ntawm peb cov neeg nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los." (Fig.4)
PV Ib phau tshwj xeeb ntawm pej xeem-paintings – Newsweek Lub Xya hli ntuj 20, 1985.
Fig 4: TALIMAN
(tshem tawm tej dab phem, kho tej kab mob, ua kom yus lub tsev nyob kaj siab lug)
e.… “Tag nrho cov khoom sau muaj ntau dua ntau tshaj 4000 woodcut paintings, pleev xim los ntawm peb cov neeg ua yeeb yam yav dhau los, kos duab, thiab luam tawm tes xyoo 1908-1909 hauv Hanoi. Tag nrho cov paintings muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws legends nyob rau hauv Suav thiab Suav sau ntawv Nyab Laj, piav qhia lawv cov ntsiab lus uas npog ntau yam dej num xws li raws li kev tsim khoom, kev yug me nyuam (Daim duab XYUMX), ceremony, cwj pwm, kev lom zem ntawm peb cov neeg ntawm lub pib ntawm lub xyoo pua no."
Taw qhia txog kev sau cov duab pej xeem thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th - New Hanoi, Lub Xya Hli 20, 1985.
Fig 5: YUAV UA LI CAS THIAJ TAU TXAIS LUB BUFFALO
f. "Ntau tshaj 4000 pej xeem-paintings uas zoo li keeb kwm sau nyob rau hauv dluab, reflecting peb tib neeg txoj kev ua neej nyob yav tas los, thiab mus los ntawm ntau ceg thiab professions nyob rau hauv peb ib txwm haiv neeg rau kev ua ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab lub cev (Daim duab XYUMX), uas cov pej xeem ntxias tau pom nyob rau hauv ib qho tsis tshua muaj neeg ntse thiab succinct yam. "
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb rau lub sijhawm uas tau sau ntau dua 4000 pej xeem cov duab kos rau pej xeem - Liberated Saigon txhua hnub, Lub Xya Hli 17, 1985.
Daim duab 6: Kev sib tw ua mov noj
g. …“Tab sis, tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov duab, nrog cov lus piav qhia ua lus Suav thiab Suav sau lus Nyab Laj (Daim duab XYUMX) (2), uas tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tsim nyog rau kev ua ub no ntawm peb cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem.
Kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws qub kev cai qub txeeg qub teg yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tiam no, vim lawv tseem muaj sij hawm ntau ua ntej lawv kawm txog lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm."
HUỲNNH DŨNG NHÂN – Hnub Sunday Cov Hluas, qhov teeb meem No. 24/85, Lub Yim Hli 25, 1985.
Fig 7: MONKEY PLAITED nrog tshuaj ntsuab
(thaum xyoo Liab - 1908 - ib tug siv tshuaj ntsuab los plait ib tug liab thiab khaws cia rau hauv tsev. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj no yuav siv tau los kho cov kab mob)
h. …“Tej zaum qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb kev taw qhia rau ntau yam kev kawm xws li: pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv, ethnography thiab sociology (Daim duab XYUMX). Ntxiv mus, no collection uas muaj ntawm ntau tshaj 4000 paintings kuj qhia txog tus thawj yas arts nqi ntawm engraving artists ntawm cov hnub qub ntawd."
HỒ KIM - Hais txog kev sau ntau tshaj 4000 pej xeem paintings thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th - Cov Neeg Nyab Laj Roman Catholic, qhov teeb meem No. 32, Lub Rau Hli 11, 1985.
Fig 8: WRESTLING (Terracotta)
i. ... “Nrog kev ntseeg siab thiab scientific kev sib koom tes tshawb fawb Hùng muaj qhia kuv nws tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, thiab sib txuas lus rau kuv nws tau txais los ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm; nws kuj cia kuv paub txog cov teeb meem uas tseem nyob unsetted, nrog rau nws tossed txog teeb meem thiab kev cia siab nyob rau hnub tom ntej. Ua tsaug rau nws lub zog nyob ruaj khov thiab nws lub zog ua haujlwm, tam sim no nws muaj peev xwm nkag siab thiab sau ntau ntxiv ntau tshaj 4000 paintings nrog legends nyob rau hauv Suav transcribed Nyab Laj; thiab tshwj xeeb rau nrhiav cov vestiges tiag uas tshuav tom qab ntawm lub Hải Hưng dialect – Hải Hưng yog lub tebchaws ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam. Txawm li cas los, raws li ib co paintings dais cov ntsiab lus enigmatic, nws yuav tsum tau sab laj ntau cov xibhwb, thiab cov laus tuaj ntawm North Nyab laj tuaj yeem tau txais cov lus teb kom raug " (Daim duab XYUMX).
ĐẶNG ĐỨC, – Văn Nghệ (Literary magazine), teeb meem Nos. 5-6, Lub Ob Hlis 1, 1986 – Lunar Xyoo Tshiab Bính Dần (Xyoo Tsov) 1986.
Fig 9: Caw tus ntsuj plig rov qab los rau hauv nws lub hleb ua ntej faus
j. …“Cov paintings, pleev xim rau ntawm pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tau ua tiav nrog cov txheej txheem siab tiag tiag, thiab muaj qhia txog lub neej ntawm Nyab Laj thaum ntawd. Ntau ntawm lawv muaj kev tshawb fawb siab qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb yog hais txog ethnography." (Daim duab. 10).
(4000 pej xeem paintings sau - Nyab Laj News Agency Hanoi – VNA – July 16).
Fig 10: BETROTHAL CEREMONY
(Ib tug ntawm rau lub ceremonies ntawm ib tug kab tshoob, ib tug tub qhe nqa ib lub tais ntawm betel
thiab areca rau ntawm nws lub taub hau, tus nraug vauv nrog ib lub kaus, niam tais
nrog nws inseparable broad-brimmed kaus mom)
k. …”Ntau lub koom haum kab lis kev cai muaj teeb tsa pab pawg kws tshawb fawb los saib xyuas txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm cov paintings, thiab nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv kawm vitae ntawm cov neeg pleev kob. Ib qho kev cia siab tias cov ntawv qub tuaj yeem pom thiab luam tawm rau hauv ntau lub fascicles ".
Ib qho zoo kawg nkaus sau - Lub Courier ntawm Nyab Laj - Cuaj hlis 1985.
l. ..." Yuav tsum muaj lub sijhawm ntxiv ua kom tsim nyog npaj nyob rau hauv saib ntawm publishing this collection of Hmoob Nyab Laj Paintings thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, raws li qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej cuab tam tseem ceeb hauv peb lub teb chaws nplua nuj cov khoom muaj nqis kab lis kev cai, thiab kuj vim qhov no kev tshaj tawm yog tsom rau kev khaws cia thiab dav qhia txog kev ua yeeb yam hauv Nyab Laj rau peb cov neeg hauv tebchaws thiab txawv tebchaws " (3)
"Txaws txog ib tus taw hauv dej,
thiab muab lub dab da dej los ntes txhiab txhiab ntawm ntses loj... "
“Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab kos duab no cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam ntawm lub neej hauv haiv neeg Nyab Laj (Daim duab XYUMX), yog tsis txwv nyob rau hauv lub technical field.
Fig 11: RAISING NET NO
Qhov no yog hom square hand-woven net, ua los ntawm linen threads nrog ntau thiab tsawg ntawm 1.5 mus rau 2 meters, thiab muaj ib tug tuav ncej ntawm peb los yog plaub meters, siv rau ntes ntses thiab cw nyob rau hauv dej tob, tsis tob tshaj ib tug txiv neej. qhov siab (dej, kwj dej, pas dej, pas dej…); tus dragger feem ntau hnav lub pob tawb ntawm nws txoj siv los tuav cov ntses thiab cws. Muaj ib lub vas loj dua, hu ua raft-net, uas tau teeb tsa ntawm ib feem ntawm tus dej nruab nrab ntawm ob qhov dej sib hloov thiab uas muaj lub tsev pheeb suab rau cov neeg nyob hauv thiab saib ntawm qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj ib hom kev txav tau yooj yim ntawm kev rub-net, uas tus neeg nqa khoom muaj lub pob tawb ntawm nws lub duav, thiab ib hom me me rau kev ntes cov cw uas tsuas yog ib daim ntaub me me xwb.
Ntawm ntau tshaj 4000 daim duab, peb tuaj yeem pom tias muaj li 1000 ntawm lawv yog qhov tsis nco qab qhov xwm txheej, pleev xim nrog cov txheej txheem yooj yim heev thiab qhia cov khoom yooj yim xws li ntaiv, ib lub teeb (Daim duab XYUMX) ib tug mortar, pestle, saw thiab lwm yam ... Muaj cov sophisticated nrog cov yas zoo arts nqi, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv industrial yas ntaub ntawv uas yuav muab cov kws tshawb fawb muaj nuj nqis cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov muag pom. "
MAI TRANG – … 4000 pej xeem paintings thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua no – Kev cai dab qhuas Review, Cuaj hlis, 1985.
Fig 12: OIL LAMP
m. “Vim qhov kev xav tau rau illustrating ib qho kev xav, los yog rau visually nco txog ib yam ntawm lub neej, qee qhov ntawm no noting-down paintings, qhia scenes xws li raws li decapitation (Daim duab XYUMX), tus npua (Daim duab. 14), tso zis los yog neeg thov nyiaj thiab lwm yam… tseem nyob zoo heev naturalistic ”…
ĐẶNG ĐỨC – Kev sau ntawm pej xeem woodcut paintings thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, pom los ntawm cov yas kos duab lub kaum sab xis -Folk Culture, qhov teeb meem No. 3/1986.
Fig 13: HUAB TAIS (lub taub hau raug pov li nws raug txiav tawm)
Ordinarily, tsis muaj ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb uas tsis xav txog kev yug tsiaj npua kom tau cov quav rau nws cov nplej. Yog tias tsis muaj kev txom nyem heev, ib tug yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tug pigsty ua los ntawm woven xyoob slats thiab npog nrog nplooj, txhua sab ntawm nws txog 2 los yog 3 meters ntev. (ib yam li daim duab qhia rau daim duab no). Cov neeg nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem nyiaj txiag zoo dua yuav txuag tau ib qho chaw rau siv los ua pigsty. Ntawm qee qhov chaw, cov neeg tsim cov pigsty ua ke nrog lub cesspool, lossis muab tso rau ntawm ib sab ntawm chav ua noj, tsim cov phab ntsa hauv av thiab kho cov ncej thoob plaws, hu nws. “tseem” (Pigsty hauv Nyab Laj), thiaj li tiv thaiv npua los ntawm kev ntxhov siab hauv tsev. Rau cov neeg nplua nuj, lawv yuav tsim pigsty nrog cib. Nyob rau hauv lub pigsty neeg muab husk, straw, thatch rau npua pw, shit, thiab tso zis. Thaum cov dung ua turbid, lawv yuav muab tso rau nws lwm txheej ntawm husk, straw thiab thatch kom lub dung-qhov. Qhov no yog qhov chaw siv rau hauv Tshuag thiab npog cov dung hu ua pit-dung, ib hom chiv chiv siv nyob rau hauv lowlands, raws li rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub semimountainous los yog mountainous cheeb tsam, lawv tsuas siv ntsuab manure raws li nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam hais tias npua tau tso cai. taug kev.
Fig 14: PIGSTY
n. Nrog rau niaj hnub no txoj kev loj heev thiab kev kawm txuj ci, peb tsis tsuas muaj luam encyclopaedias, tab sis peb kuj muaj lwm yam hom xws li encyclopaedia hauv cov duab, soundencyclopaedia, projected-slide encyclopaedia thiab computerized encyclopaedia. Ntawm no, peb nyob nrog rau Nyab Laj Encyclopaedia hauv Cov duab uas tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm qhov no xyoo…”.
LÊ VĂN HẢO - Ib qho kev ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab muaj txiaj ntsig hauv Nyab Laj cov khoom muaj nqis: 4577 pej xeem woodcut paintings nyob rau hauv Nyab Laj Encyclopaedia nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm cov neeg Nyab Laj nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th - Liberated Saigon, teeb meem ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 16 thiab 17, 1987.
o. “Nyob rau hauv lub neej kab lis kev cai thiab artistic nyob rau hauv no Ob peb xyoos dhau los, muaj qhov tseeb uas nyiam kev mloog ntawm ntau tus neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kos duab, pej xeem kab lis kev cai ceg thiab ib co Lwm yam kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo: qee yam kab lis kev cai, artistic, thiab social science koom haum muaj ua hauj lwm los ua pej xeem ib tug ncaj loj sau ntawm woodblock paintings uas tau pleev xim rau ntawm lub pib ntawm lub xyoo pua no… ”
QUỐC ANH – Reestablishing the value of a set of woodblock paintings painted at the beginning of the Twentieth Century – Culture and Arts studies – Ministry of Culture – Issue No 2/1988 (phab 48).
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(1) Xws li, Phau Ntawv Xov Xwm Nyab Laj, Tib Neeg Phau Ntawv Xov Xwm, Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog, New Hanoi, Liberated Saigon, Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ntseeg, Newsweek, Nyab Laj Roman Catholic, “Le Courrier du Vietnam” (ua lus Fab Kis), Youth's Movie, Literary Review (qhov teeb meem ntawm Tết Binh Dần 1986), Hnub no Kev Paub, qhov teeb meem No 2/88…
(2) Liab plaited nrog tshuaj ntsuab thiab sau nrog cov kab ntawm Suav cov cim uas nyeem: "Hnub Đoan Dương Tết (hnub thib tsib ntawm lub hli thib tsib), tib neeg siv nplooj safran los plait tsiaj effigy, nyob ntawm lub xyoo sawv cev. los ntawm tej tsiaj ntawd los yog tej tsiaj ntawd." Xyoo Mậu Thân (1908) yog xyoo liab. yog li ntawd, lawv thiaj muab ib tug mlom nplawm thiab hu nws tias “Hầu tử”, ces muab dai rau saum lub qhov rooj loj kom tshem tawm tej kev phem kev qias. Tom qab ntawd, yog tias ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg muaj mob enteritis, tib neeg yuav siv qee cov nplooj safran los ntawm qhov effigy los ua tshuaj.
(3) Thaum lub rooj sib tham, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Central Committee ntawm Nyab Laj United Association of Literature thiab Arts - kws sau paj lug CÙ HUY CẬN - tshwm sim los ntawm pej xeem painting hu ua "Dip net raising" (Daim duab XYUMX) tau sau ob nqe lus saum toj no.
KOJ NTXIV:
◊ TECHNIQUE of ANNAMESE COV NEEG - Qhia cov teeb tsa ntawm cov ntawv - Tshooj 2
PAJ MUAS TU THU
12 / 2019