Kev ua neej coj thiab ARTS ntawm lub sijhawm - xyoo pua 15th
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Prof. TAN, HA VAN
Nrog rau kev sib raug zoo hauv 15 lubth xyoo pua, kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab muaj peev xwm los txhim kho. Tus Lam Yaj1 kev tawm tswv yim thiab tom ntej kev ywj pheej ntawm lub teb chaws tshoov lub cim kev tsim ntawm Nguyen Trai Yog's2 Binh Ngo Dai Cao (Kev tshaj tawm txog ntawm swb ntawm lub Ming)). Qhov no nrog Li Tan Tan's3 Xuong Giang Phu (Ode mus rau Xuong River - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua loj loj ntawm Ming); Nguyen Moob Tuan's4 Lam Yaj Giai Khi Phu (Ode mus rau Salutary Cua ntawm Mount Lam Son) thiab Nghia Ky Phu (Ode rau Banner ntawm Kev Ncaj Ncees), zoo li ntau lwm yam haujlwm. Vajntxwv Le Thanh Tong5 nws tus kheej khaws tau tib lub ntsiab lus hauv nws Phu Lam Muaj Leej Muam.
Le Thanh Tong5, vaj ntxwv-cum-kws sau paj lug, pab nyiaj ntau rau kev tsim kho kab lis kev cai. Nws nrhiav tau Tau Dan6, ib xeem ntawv zaj dab neeg. Cov neeg 28 tau raug muab piv rau 28 lub hnub qub saum ntuj, thiab tau lees paub qhov tsim ntawm ntau cov ntawv sau paj huam. Cov ntawv sau tau tsim ua lus Nyab Laj hu ua Nom7, raws li suav homogram. Tsab ntawv tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntawv nyeem tseem ceeb nrog rau tus Quoc Am Thi Kais (Sau los ntawm kwv huam hauv lub teb chaws lus) los ntawm Nguyen Trai Yog 7 thiab Hong Duc Quoc Am Thi Tap, sau los ntawm ntau dua peb puas sau paj huam.
Confucianism tau tuav lub zog, hauv kev sau ntawv thiab kos duab. Thoob plaws xyoo pua, tsuas yog ob peb lub tuam tsev Teev Hawm thiab cov tuam tsev teev dej siab, tab sis kev siv zog tau npaj rau hauv Thang Long8 nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Confucius, tau rov tsim dua nyob rau ntau qhov loj dua thiab cov tsev thaj chaw zoo sib xws tau tsa chaw nyob ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tebchaws.
Tus vaj ntawm lub Le dynasty9 tau txhua tus ntse ntxiv qhov kev tsim kho tshiab rau cov peev txheej hauv lub tebchaws. Cov palaces ntawm Kinh Thien Ib10, Muaj peev xwm Chinh11 thiab Van Tso12 tau xaj los ntawm Le Loi13 xyoo 1428. Cov no tom qab tau koom nrog Hoi Anh14, Muaj peev xwm Dure15, Tucmg Quang16, Kim Loan17, Thuy Ngoc18 thiab lwm lub tsev sumptuous.
Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog loj platform tau tsa. Ntawm lawv Nam Giao19 thiab Xa Tac20, qhov chaw ua kev cai dab qhuas tau ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua kom hwm ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej, ntiaj teb. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom 15th pua pua xyoo pua duab puab uas tseem nyob niaj hnub no yog pob zeb faus neeg ntawm neeg thiab tsiaj. Lawv feem ntau me me, ntxhib los ntuag thiab tsis muaj kev ua kom zoo, muaj lub neej zoo uas yog tus qauv duab puab raws li tus qauv ntawm Ly thiab Tran. Qee cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, zoo li kev ya davhlau ntawm cov kauj ruam pob zeb adorned nrog zaj, coj ntawm lub cim loj kawg sai li sai tau lawv tau tsim. Le zaj, zoo li cov ntawm Kinh Thien Ib (Chav Hais Plaub Ntug) nyob rau hauv Nyab Noom, yog sib txawv kiag li los ntawm cov neeg carved hauv qab Ly thiab cov Tran19Cov. Lawv muaj lub qhov muag tiv thaiv, rab rawg tshuab raj thiab lub ntsej muag ntsiag to, thiab tau kho rau hauv kev hem ntau dua, nrog ib tus foreleg tsa los tuav lub hwj txwv. Feem ntau hais lus, Le zaj20 saib txoj kab ke thiab vim li no, tsis yeem.
Ceramics, ntawm qhov kev tes, vam nyob hauv qab Le dynastyCov. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog cov lus qhia ntawm xiav ci nrog uas muaj ntau hom kev ua kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj - huab, zaj, phoenixes, chrysanthemums, cws, roob ris, qhaus thiab paj txiv qaub - tau kos hauv cov duab sib txawv ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau dawb. Tus yam ntxwv ua ntu zus ntawm lub hav txwv yeem muab qhov kawg tshwm sim ua kom pom kev zoo siab dua.
lub 15,h caug xyoo cim tau qhov kev faib loj hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Hauv lub tsev hais plaub, nws tau tswj hwm los ntawm txoj cai nruj thiab tau dhau los ua kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev hais lus.
Cov cawv ntawm lub Ming21 tau xav zoo hauv tsev hais plaub. Tib lub sijhawm, kev lom zem nrov - tug (classical Opera), nyob zoo (kev ua yeeb yam nrov) thiab lwm haiv neeg cov nkauj txuas ntxiv ua kom zoo rau cov neeg ib txwm nyiam.
Lub tsev hais plaub tau txiav txim siab txhob txwm txwv tsis pub muaj kev lom zem. Vajntxwv Le Thai Tong5 nyob rau hauv 1437 txwv chco ua los ntawm Thaib Mieu22, lub tuam tsev txuas lus rau haiv neeg ntawm nws cov poj koob yawm txwv. Vajntxwv Le Nhan Tong23, thaum nws tau mus ntsib Lam Kinh xyoo 1448, tau tham nrog cov tub hluas thiab cov poj niam ua yeeb yam hu nkauj Rt Rau Ren24 nyob rau hauv uas lawv mimicked xaiv paj thiab weaving lawv mus rau hauv wreaths. Thaum lub sijhawm ib feem ntawm cov seev cev txoj hlua nkauj qee zaum hla lawv cov ceg thiab yog li raug liam los ntawm tus huab tais cov neeg saib xyuas.
Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov cai thiab cov cai tswjfwm, cov hom kev tuaj tsim kev lom zem uas tsis muaj kev lom zem.
LUS CIM:
1 Lam Yaj … Hloov kho tshiab…
PAJ MUAS TU THU
5. 2020
CEEB TOOM:
Source: Txoj Kev Nyab Laj. Ha Van Tan. thegioipublishers.vn, 2018. Duab; wikimapia.org.
◊ Txhua qhov kev hais qhia thiab cov duab sepia tshwj xeeb tau tsim los ntawm BAN TU THU - thanhdiavietnamhoc.com.