LA COCHINCHINE - Taw qhia

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Assoc. Prof. Hung Nga Manh PhD.

    La Cochinchine or Nam Ky [Nam Kau], thaj chaw dav hauv South Viet Nam, yog ib lub hom phiaj rau Fab Kis tub ceev xwm txoj kev tub ceev xwm ntawm txoj kev lawv kev kov yeej thaum yav 19 tas^th caug xyoo. Cov lus sib txuas ua ke no muaj ob lub ntsiab lus: Cochin or Cib qauv tsim chaw (Hmoob Nyablaj qub) thiab Tuam Tshoj muab tau los ntawm qis (ib qho muaj peev xwm nyob hauv Suav teb thaum lub sijhawm Warring States) taw qhia nws qhov chaw sib kis mus rau Tuam Tshoj. Tsis tau, lwm txoj kev xav kwv yees cov npe no rau Cochin, ib ntu dej ntawm tus dej Mekong (lossis Kohchin lossis Cửu Ntev), uas ya mus hla Thau Chan Lap [Hnub Chiv Liab] (Dej Chenla) thiab qhov twg Nam Ky [Nam Kau] cov neeg nyob hauv.

    Nyob rau hauv lub 15^th xyoo pua, cov neeg ncig xyuas European seafaring yuav nres ntawm Dej Naj Khoos kom yuav khoom noj thiab dej tshiab. Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias Nam Ky [Nam Kau] yog ib hom ntawm "Silk Road”Ntawm cov dej ntws, muaj ntau heev rau cov dej hloov pauv kev lag luam. Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav European tseem hu nws Chochi or Cochin txhawm rau cais los ntawm Cochin hauv Is Nrias teb.

    Hauv qee kis hauv Nyab Laj li keeb kwm, Cochinchine tau siv rau kev tsim qauv Ntaj Xuv [Ng Trong], thiab Tonkin rau Dang Nga [Nng Ngoài]. Lub caij no, Viet yeej tawg [Việt Nam], Nplog thiab Qhab Meem teb raug xaiv nyob rau hauv lub npe lub npe ntawm "Indochina”. Lo lus no ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum nyob rau hauv ntau tus neeg txawv teb chaws kev nkag siab ntawm Far East thaum lawv tsim lawv cov chav kawm ntawm kev ua mus ntxiv vim nws hais txog Is Nrias teb thiab Suav. Ntxiv mus, neeg txawv teb chaws yuav nug lawv tus kheej vim li cas thiaj li Nyab Laj tau muab faib ua ob ntu: Ntaj Xuv [Ng Trong] thiab Dang Nga [Nng Ngoài] thiab thaj av ntawd nruab nrab ntawm lawv, qhov chaw uas muaj koob muaj npe hu ua roy'al Ib qho Nam [Ib qho Nam]. Nyob hauv qab Fabkis txoj haujlwm, lawv tau muaj npe Bac Ky Ib [Bỳc Koj], Nam Ky [Nam Kau] thiab Trung Kia [Trung Koj] feem.

    txawm Nam Ky [Nam Kau], ib thaj av tau ntsib ntau qhov kev tswj hwm thiab sib koom, tau hu ua txawv hauv chav kawm keeb kwm: Gia Dinh [Gia Định] (1779-1832); Nam Ky [Nam Kau] (1834-1945); Nam Bo [Nam Bộ] (1945-1948); Nam Phan [Nam Phần] (1948-1956); Nyab Laj Viet [Nam Việt] lossis Mien Nam [Sab qab teb] (1956-1975); lossis cov Phuong Nam [Phuong Nam] thaj av ntawm nimno.

    Phau ntawv no muaj npe La Cochinchine piav qhia txog keeb kwm, kev khwv nyiaj txiag, kab lis kev cai thiab kev ncig xyuas ntawm thaj av loj kawg hauv Cửu Ntev dej ciam dej ciam av lossis muaj lwm lub npe Nam Ky Luc Tinh [Nam Kỳ Lục Tỉnh]. Thaum ntxov 20^th xyoo pua; Nam Ky [Nam Kau] tau los ua ib kob npe rau Fabkis thiab tau kav los ntawm Governor D. Cognacq. Nws lub npe tshwm nyob rau ntawm phau ntawv npog los ua tim khawv rau qhov kev paub tsis muaj nuj nqis ntawm phau ntawv nws tus kheej.

     Phau ntawv pib nrog kev hais lus los ntawm Indochina Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Alexandre Varenne: XNUMX Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! rau 11^th Lub Kaum Hli 1925 ntawm St-Gervais. Tus txiv neej no tau raug saib xyuas los ntawm ib feem ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd Fabkis cov neeg txawj ntse yog ib tus neeg saib xyuas kev coj noj coj ua. Cov lus hais zoo li nthuav tawm tus qauv ntawm tib neeg-imbued kev txiav txim siab kom ua rau phau ntawv nkag mus rau cov nom tswv kev lag luam hauv Paris ntau dua li hauv Viet yeej tawg [Việt Nam].

    Tseem, phau ntawv tsis muaj ib qho 'cov ntsiab lus hais txog tus neeg sau, Marcel Bemanose (1884-1952)). Los ntawm cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, peb tau pom tias nws yog tus nom, tus pab tswv yim kab lis kev cai rau ntau tus Kav Xwm ntawm Nam Ky [Nam Kau] thiab Kav Xwm General ntawm Indochina, thiab nws tau tawm qee qhov kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm ntawm Indochina.

    Peb kuj yuav tsum hais txog Duab Nadal-Saigon [Siv Gòn], yog tus neeg yos hav zoov hauv keeb kwm Indochinese, uas cov duab ua rau phau ntawv no yog keeb kwm duab tiag tiag ntawm Nam Ky [Nam Kau].

    La Cochinchine tau luam tawm thawj zaug ntawm Yees Duab Lub Tsev Nadal xyoo 1925 nrog kev luam tawm ntawm 400 suav cov ntawv luam. Daim qauv uas peb siv rau tsab ntawv no yog suav 319 thiab suav nrog 436 tooj dag ua los ntawm tib lub tsev.

    Txawm hais tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm 100 xyoo dhau los, phau ntawv La Cochinchine tau ceev cia raws li memento ntawm tsev neeg ntawm ntawv Trương Ngọc Tường los ntawm Cai Lậy, Tiền Giang. Tam sim no nws tau rov ua dua tshiab los ntawm Laus & Tsis yog (Yav tag los & Nim No) Phau Ntawv Magazine thiab Hong Duc [Hồng ib] Cov tshaj tawm ua lus Fab Kis thiab lus Askiv ua hom ntawv qub, tseem muaj cov ntawv Nyab Laj txhais ntxiv. Cov nyeem yuav pom hauv nws cov ntawv piav txog lub sijhawm thaum ntxov 20^th xyoo pua colonial Nam Ky [Nam Kau] cheeb tsam.

    Nws yog ib qho zoo heev uas kuv tau qhia phau ntawv rau cov nyeem ntawm qhov thov ntawm Laus & Tsis yog Magazine.

CEEB TOOM:
Los ntawm: LA COCHINCHINE - Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hồng ib] Cov tshaj tawm, Hanoi, 2018.
Vietnamese Cov lus Nyab Laj thiab cov lus khav thev yog muab tso nrog sab hauv kab ntawv cim - raug teeb tsa los ntawm Ban Tu Thu.