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Dab tsi ua Fab Kis tuaj txeeb tau Nyab Laj xyoo 1857? - Tshooj 1

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Andrew Daws

Keeb kwm, cov Thib ob ntawm Fabkis teb (1852-1870)^[1] tsis tau tuav Nyablaj rau xyoo 1857. Qhov tseeb tiag, qhov tau txeeb chaw tiag tiag tau tshwm sim 31 Lub yim hli ntuj 1858 at Tourane (Niaj hnub no ĐàNẵng City nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Nyab Laj). Nws yog zaj dab neeg ntev uas hais txog 30 xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev kov yeej, los ntawm Đà Nẵng xyoo 1858 mus rau Sib Koom Tes ntawm Huế nyob rau hauv 1884^[2], thaum Nyab Laj teb “raug cai” plam nws tus kheej lawm. Muaj ntau qhov yuam kev uas tau ua rau Nyablaj tsis muaj kev ywj pheej. Nrog kuv cov lus teb hnub no, Kuv xav xav rau lub sijhawm thawj zaug ntawm 1858-1862, thaum tus Nkauj Hmoob Nguy Dynn nrog nws tus kheej ua txhaum txoj cai tom qab muab tag nrho cov kev cia siab thiab kev yeej ntawm cov neeg Nyablaj ua rau lub tebchaws muaj kev puas tsuaj loj! (Tu siab, tab sis nws tau tshwm sim)^[3].

**I. LUB CAIJ TOURANE (1858-1860): TUS VIETNAMESE VICTORY**

Thaum pib, hauv qab chij ntawm “Tiv thaiv tsim txom cov neeg Nyab Laj Catholics” nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Nguy Dynn Dynasty, nrog 14 lub nkoj ua rog thiab 3,000 Franco-Spanish cov tub rog nyob hauv qab kev tswj hwm ntawm Admiral Charles Rigault tsib Genouilly (1807-1873)^[5], lawv tau pib tua cov tub rog tua phom txhua qhov ntawm Nyab Laj cov tub rog hauv hav zoov raws Bay of ẵ Nẵng thiab Sơn Trà Roob^[6]Cov. Qhov kev tshwm sim tom qab no tau cim tseg qhov pib ntawm qhov nrov Siege ntawm Tourane nyob rau ob xyoos tom ntej (1858), uas thaum kawg tau muab a Nyab laj yeej.

Cov Fabkis xav kom muaj kev tawm tsam dav dav ntawm Nyab Laj cov Catholics tiv thaiv Cov Neeg Nguyễn Dynasty hauv nws tus kheej lub peev ntawm Huế Lub Nroog (tsuas yog nyob thaj tsam 100 km ntawm txoj haujlwm Franco-Spanish nyob ib puag ncig Đà Nẵng City), tab sis qhov tseeb lawv pom tsis muaj cov ntseeg Catholics lawv kam pab lawv. Txoj kev sib tua tseem ua rau ob tog sib tua. Tom qab ntawv nyab laj Dav Lê Đình Lý (理理, 1790 - 1858) tuag hauv kev sib ntaus los, Tub Xwm Kho Chu Phúc Minh tau saib xyuas ntawm lub hauv ntej thiab tom qab ntawd mam hloov los ntawm Tub Nkeeg Nguyễn Tri Phương (知方知方, 1806-1873)^[7], uas yog nto moo rau siege tactics.

Txog rau Fab Kis, ntawm ẵ Nẵng lawv cov tub rog feem ntau tau ua phem thiab vuab tsuab los ntawm cov tub rog Nyablaj. Ob peb puas tub rog tau ua lawv lub neej vim muaj kev tsov rog thiab kev mob, xws li mob ruas. Xyoo 1859, yav tom ntej Fab Kis Admiral Théogène François Nplooj ntawv (1807-1867), uas hloov chaw ntawm Rigault de Genouilly, tau piav qhia qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag hauv Đà NĐàng hauv nws tsab ntawv raws li hauv qab no:

“Kuv tau los ua tus thawj coj rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis Tim 1. Kuv tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo li cas! Kuv yeej tau kos ib lub suab npe nrov ntawm Rigault ko taw, tab sis tsuas yog yuav thawb nws hauv kuv tus ntsia hlau. Peb tau siv peb caug-ob lab, thiab tshuav dab tsi ntawm nws? Daim ntawv sib yeem nrog Suav tau cuam tshuam los ntawm rab phom hluav taws, hauv Canton cov tub rog txoj haujlwm yuam kom ua lub nroog tub ceev xwm, nyob rau hauv Tourane [Da Nang], lub tsev hluav taws kub tiag tiag uas ntau txhiab tus txiv neej tuag ntawm txoj kev txom nyem, tsis muaj lub hom phiaj, yam tsis muaj kev cia siab. "^[8]^[9]

Ntxiv mus, kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav heev ntawm Chân Sảng Fort (lossis Kien-Chan Fort) rau 18 Kaum Ib Hlis 1859 txawm tus nqi lub neej ntawm Tub Ceev Xwm-Thawj Tub Ceevxwm Dupré-Déroulède, ib tug kws qeb siab ua haujlwm ua haujlwm qib siab ntawm Fabkis uas yog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tuam tsev loj thiab tseem tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Đà Nẵng, thaum Nyab Laj rab phom loj nkag mus hauv nws lub cev. Thaum kawg, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 22, 1860, Fab Kis tau txiav txim siab muab tag nrho lawv cov tub rog teeb tsa hauv ẵ N andng thiab tau tsiv lawv cov tub rog mus Saigon, yog ib lub nroog tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Nyablaj.

**II. LUB CIM NTAWM SAIGON (1859-1861): LUB HLIS VIETNAMESE LUB "PHEEJ HLUB"**

Tib lub sijhawm nrog Siege ntawm Tourane, Fab Kis qhib lwm qhov chaw hauv yav qab teb Nyablaj txij Lub Ob Hlis 1859, nrog rau Kev ntes ntawm Saigon Citadel hnub 17 Lub Ob Hlis 1859. Tom qab xav tsis thoob tab sis ua tiav qhov kev sim txhawm rau txhawm rau txeeb tag nrho Xeev Xeev Gia Định hnub tim 21 lub Plaub Hlis 1859, nrog rau ploj tuag ntawm 14 tus tuag thiab 31 tus raug mob, Fab Kis tau nres lawv txoj haujlwm thiab rov qab los rau txoj haujlwm sib tw ^[13].

Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias lawv tsis tshua muaj neeg ua haujlwm, Fabkis tsuas tuaj yeem tuav tau thaj chaw ib puag ncig ntawm Lub Nkoj Saigon niaj hnub no thiab Suav lub nroog Chợ Lớn. Lawv yuav tsum tau xa ntau cov tub rog mus rau tom hauv ntej ntawm Tourane thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev yuav mus Txoj Kev Ua Opium Thib Ob nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj^[15]Cov. Xyoo 1860, tsuas muaj 800 tus tub rog Franco-Spanish nyob hauv thaj tsam Saigon. Lawv lub zog tau muab tso ua ntej nyob rau ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Captain Bernard Jauréguiberry (1815-1887)^[16], tom qab hloov los ntawm tus tub rog Fabkis tus tub ceev xwm Jules d'Ariès (1813-1878).

Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov tub rog Nyablaj tau sib sau ua ke thiab tau pib “rov mus ncig” tawm tsam cov tub rog Fabkis thiab Spanish hauv Saigon tau ze li ob xyoos, txij lub Ob Hlis 1859 txog Lub Ob Hlis 1861. Tab sis qhov tseeb nws yog qhov “xav ncig”, lossis qee hom Nyablaj tua “tsov rog”: Nrog ntau tshaj 10,000 tus tub rog nyob ib ncig ntawm Saigon, Nyab Laj Madarins ntawm Nguyễn Dynasty tsuas yog tsim cov kab thaiv tiv thaiv nrog cov quab yuam ntau xwb, tsis xav txog yuav ua li cas pib qhov kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum muaj cov tub rog muaj zog hauv kev sib piv nrog tsuas 800 pab tub rog Fabkis thiab Spanish (suav nrog Cov Lus hauv no)!

Hauv kev sib piv nrog lub Siege ntawm Tourane, Siege ntawm Saigon tau txawv dua: Hauv Tourane lossis ẵ Nẵng, tus Fabkis tsuas yog tuav ib qho me me ntawm Sơn Trà Roob ua tsaug rau lub ntiaj teb scorched thiab txoj cai siege zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Saigon Fab Kis tau ntes ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj loj tshaj plaws ntawm Nyab Laj, yog li lawv txoj kev thauj khoom tsis cuam tshuam. Ntxiv mus, lawv tseem tswj tau cov khoom xa tawm mus nyob rau yav qab teb Nyablaj thiab! Thaum lub sij hawm "ncig" ((1859-1861), Chaw Nkoj ntawm Saigon nyob rau hauv Fabkis txoj kev tswj hwm tau qhib ntxiv, muaj ntau pua lub nkoj thauj khoom ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Qhab Meem thiab Singapore nquag tawm hauv thiab tawm. Xyoo 1860, Chaw nres nkoj ntawm Saigon tau txais^[18]:

"Nkaum rau-rau lub nkoj thiab 100 junks thauj khoom 60,000 tons hauv XNUMX lub hlis xwb thiab khwv tau nyiaj ntau hauv Hong Kong thiab Singapore."

Thaum lub sijhawm siege, cov zej zog suav hauv Chợ Lớn koom tes nrog Fab Kis cov "cai tshiab" (“Lub ntiaj teb no”), hloov ntawm “qub tsoom fwv” (“Nco Koj”) ntawm Nguyễn Dynasty. Fab Kis kev ua rog nyob Nyab Laj tsuas yog ua kom lawv nplua nuj thiab nplua nuj tshaj plaws.

Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias nrog "kev tiv thaiv" no, "txoj hmoo" rau kev rhuav tshem cov tub rog Franco-Spanish qhov kev tawm tsam tau raug tsis yeem, thiab Nguyễn Dynasty tom qab them tus nqi hnyav rau lawv txoj kev ua txhaum tom qab!

… NTXIV…

HLOOV:

[1] Thib ob ntawm Fabkis Lub Tebchaws - Wikipedia

[2] Daim ntawv cog lus ntawm Huế (1884) - Wikipedia

[3] Nguyễn dynasty - Wikipedia

[4] Tourane bay kev tso hoob pob bis

[5] Charles Rigault de Genouilly - Wikipedia

[6] Sơn Trà Roob - Wikipedia

[7] Nguyễn Tri Phương - Wikipedia

[8] Théogène François Nplooj - Wikipedia

[9] Théogène Francois Nplooj ntawv thiab Louis de Gonzague Doudart de Lagrée marins polytechniciens nyob rau Indochine

[10] Fab Kis Fab Kis Némésis (1847) - Wikipedia