NÔM Demotic ntawv sau
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"Chữ Nim, yog txheej thaum ub ideographic vernacular tsab ntawv ntawm lus nyab laj. Tom qab Nyab Laj muaj kev ywj pheej los ntawm Tuam Tshoj xyoo 939 CE, chaw Nim, ib tsab ntawv sau ntawv sau nruab nrab uas sawv cev lus Nyab Laj, tau dhau los ua cov ntawv sau hauv tebchaws. Rau 1000 xyoo tom ntej no - pib xyoo 10 thiab mus rau xyoo 20 - feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv Nyab Laj, cov neeg xav, keeb kwm, txoj cai, tshuaj, kev ntseeg, thiab tsoomfwv txoj cai tau sau rau hauv Nôm ntawvCov. Lub sijhawm 24 xyoos ntawm lub Tây-Sơn emperors (1788-1802), tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kev tswj hwm tau sau rau hauv Chữ NimCov. Hauv lwm lo lus, kwv yees li 1,000 xyoo ntawm Nyab Laj cov keeb kwm kev coj noj coj ua raug sau tseg hauv qhov kab ke tshwj xeeb no.
Cov cuab yeej cuab tam no tam sim no yuav luag ploj. Nrog rau 17th xyoo pua tawm ntawm quốc ngữ - cov ntawv tshiab ntawm Roman-style -Nôm nyeem paub maj mam tuag tawm. Cov nom tswv Fabkis txoj cai txiav txim rau nws kev siv. Niaj hnub no, tsawg dua 100 tus kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb tuaj yeem nyeem NimCov. Ntau ntawm Việt Nam cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm zoo, siv tau rau 80 lab tus neeg hais lus. "1
"Chữ Nim (喃 喃, IPA: [cɨ̌ˀ nom], cov “Cov cim yav qab teb”),2 yav tas los hu ua Chaw Nam (南 南) los yog Qaum (音 音, “Teb chaws suab“), Yog ib qho kev sau cia logographic txheej txheem yav tas los siv los sau cov Nyab Laj cov lusCov. Nws tau siv tus qauv txheej txheem ntawm classical Suav cim los sawv cev Sino-Nyablaj cov lus suab thiab qee lo lus Nyab Laj, thaum cov cim tshiab tau tsim ntawm tus qauv Suav los sawv cev lwm lo lus.3
Txawm hais tias txoj kev sau ntawv nyob hauv Nyab Laj tau ua dhau los hauv kev sau ntawv Suav,4 txog thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20 (tsuas yog ob txoj kev luv luv sib cuam tshuam), chaw Nim tau siv dav nruab nrab ntawm 15th thiab 19th xyoo pua los ntawm Nyab Laj cov neeg tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov poj niam, rau cov haujlwm nrov, muaj ntau yam hauv nqe lus. Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv sau npe hauv Nyab Laj, Dab Neeg ntawm Kiều, twb muaj nyob hauv chaw Nim.
Hauv xyoo 1920, cov ntawv Latin-cov lus Nyab Laj raws li tsim los ntawm Jesuit cov tub txib khiav mus chaw Nim raws li qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws los sau ntawv Nyablaj. Thaum Cov cim Han tseem siv rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj, keeb kwm thiab kev cai muaj nqis thiab yog cov cim ntawm cov hmoov zoo, Nôm cim tau poob mus rau qhov tsis zoo nyob hauv lwm txoj haujlwm hauv Nyab Laj niaj hnub hauv kev pom zoo ntawm cov niam ntawv. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev khaws cia thiab kawm txog ntawv sau ua lus Nyab Laj Nim (tab sis kuj suav cov ntawv Suav sau los ntawm Nyab Laj) yog ua los ntawm tus Lub koom haum ntawm Hán-Nôm Kev Kawm hauv Hanoi. "5
… Hloov kho tshiab…
CEEB TOOM:
1 Tau qhov twg los: Nyablaj Nom Preservation Foundation.
2 Nguyễn, Khuv (2009). Chữ Nôm: cơ sở và nâng cao. Cov Kev Tshaj Tawm Tsev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws Hauv Tebchaws Ho Chi Minh City. p. 5.
3 “Chữ-nôm tsab ntawv”. Omniglot.
4 Nguyễn, Tri Tài (2002). Giáo trình tiếng Hán. Tập Kuv: Cơ sở. Cov Kev Tshaj Tawm Tsev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws Hauv Tebchaws Ho Chi Minh City. p. 5.
5 Tau qhov twg los: Phau Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
NTUJ TU TU THƯ
02 / 2020