Vim li cas neeg thiaj li tuaj koom TSO nyob rau TẾT lub sij hawm?
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HUNG NGUYEN MANH1
Qhov no yog vim hais tias lub tawg ntawm cov neeg tawg tau txais kev nkag siab ntawm kev xyiv fab, kev zoo siab thiab enlivening rau lub Nyab lajCov. Vim li ntawd, tib neeg kuj tsim kev kub nyhiab ntau zaus xws li kev lom zem, kev tshoob kos thiab kev quaj ntsuag.
Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias qhov kev cai no tseem ua rau muaj kev ntseeg dab qhuas:
Ib zaj dab neeg qub, sau cia hauv txoj haujlwm muaj cai “Kinh sở tuế thời ký” (Daim Kinh Sở av), nyeem raws li hauv qab no: Cov dab phem thiab cov dab hauv toj siab nyiam nqa ntawm lub cev ntawm cov neeg nyob. Lawv tsim muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai, feem ntau ua rau neeg tuag, tab sis lawv ntshai heev ntawm qhov tawg ntawm cov neeg tawg. Yog li ntawd, ib qho xav tau tsuas yog tua hluav taws ntau ntawm cov neeg tawg kom lawv. Zaj dab neeg qub no tau hais rau peb los ntawm ib tug laus Confucian kawm siab, tab sis peb xav tias peb yuav tsum muab nws cov kev kawm txuas ntxiv, vim nws tseem yog ntau yam kev sib cav2.
SƠN THẢO Dab Ntxwg Nyoog
Lus dab neeg muaj nws tias yav dhau los muaj ib tug dab hu ua Sơn Thảo uas siv los cuam tshuam txiv neej nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm lub xyoo. Raws li cov dab phem ntshai qhov tawg, tib neeg tau npaj txoj hlua xyoob nrog ob tog kawg thiab muab dej nchuav rau hauv lawv lub qhov thiab tho qhov tom qab thiab nres tom kawg. Thaum lub xyoo tshiab pib, lawv taws teeb rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv cov tsev thiab muab cov hlab tso rau hauv. Cov dej npau thiab cov hlab tawg Sơn Thảo flees. Tom qab ntawd, nrog qhov tsim muaj ntawm rab phom, rab phom hluav taws tau dov nrog ntau txheej ntawm txoj hlua xyoob thiab tau txais lub hau phom uas ua rau muaj qhov tawg loj thaum hlawv. Dabntxwnyoog tseem txav deb zuj zus.
TẾT Dab Neeg Hluav Taws
Txij lub sijhawm ntawd, tib neeg tau siv cov kev cai ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo hluav taws xob nyob rau xyoo tshiab Eve, ntawm lub sijhawm hloov mus. Tam sim no, qhov tseem ceeb dawb huv no yuav luag ploj, tsuas yog ib qho ntawm kev xa tawm ntawm qhov qub thiab tos txais lub xyoo tshiab tseem nyob. Cov kev cai ntawm kev teeb tsa cov tua hluav taws yog qhov ib txwm muaj.
Cov Hluav Taws Kub yog Tết thiab Tết yog cov neeg tua hluav tawsCov. Txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua, peb tseem pom cov duab ntawm lub qhov cub hluav taws xob fuse, tsim los ntawm Quảng Ib lub khw, kev coj tus kheej, plaub lo lus “Liên thăng báo hỉ” (teem tawm los tshaj tawm cov khoom lag luam xov xwm) (Daim duab XYUMX)). Peb tsis pom ntev ntev cov hom hluav taws uas tau ua los ntawm Thị Cầu lub zos.
Hom phom hluav taws no muaj nws cov fuse tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws lub cev thiab tseem hu ua tswm ciab. Lub zos no muaj cov kab ke los tsim kev sib tw rau teeb tsa cov neeg tua hluav taws. Lub cub hluav taws loj heev tau dai rau ntawm tus chij-ncej, cov neeg hauv zos siv cov nplaim hluav taws, lawv ua lawv tus kheej nrog ob hom ntawv hluav taws-pov, kom muab pov tseg, sim muab lub cub tawg loj loj. Tus uas ua tiav pawg los tsa rab phom loj yog tus yeej.
Tab sis, muaj xyoo uas nws tsis yooj yim los yeej tus nqi zog thiab tus neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab kev ua yeeb yam yuav tsum tau teeb nws lub ntsej muag nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj.
cov Mường neeg at Hoà Bình xeev nyob rau sab qaum teb nruab nrab - muaj txoj kev tua neeg “tụ ib”Piv txwv li ib hom ntawm rab canon ntawm lub sijhawm hloov hauv ib teev kev cai hu ua kev tua hluav taws“ chàng tịch ”hloov chaw ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws…
Dhau li Thu Chaw, kuj tseem muaj tus nab npawb ntawm lwm qhov chaw uas tuaj yeem tsim lawv cov hluav taws kub xws li Bình Đà (Hais Tias), Yog Koj (Bac Ninh)). Lub cub tawg ntawm cov neeg tawg tawg pleb yog qhov ua tau zoo nrog txhua hom neeg foob pob hluav taws cov npe lom zem heev. Sib nrug los ntawm cov khoom muaj npe cov npe xws li loj, me, luv, ntev, ntsug, kab rov tav, kuj tseem muaj qhov hu ua “ng"(boom) cov tub tua hluav taws, “peb"(me me) cov tub tua hluav taws, “v tsi"(os) cov tub tua hluav taws, “c y kuj"(kem) cov tub tua hluav taws, “thov txim"(foob pob ua ntxaij) cov tub tua hluav taws, “tsi ci"(tshuaj khib) cov tub tua hluav taws, “tr qab”Cov xyoob daj) cov foob pob hluav taws…
Tshwj xeeb, hauv qhov Nghe An, Hà Tĩnh Thaj Chaw Ntxiv nrog rau kev tua cov neeg tsim khoom tawg, lawv kuj tseem rau lub “lwm"(foob pob) cov tub tua hluav taws uas ua rau tawg nthwv loj loj uas cov tsiaj hauv tsev-ntshai dhau- yuav tawm hauv tsev thiab rov qab los tom qab TetCov. Li no cov kab lus "Khiav zoo li tus dev hem los ntawm cov foob pob".
“LÓI” COV THAWJ NEEG (Kev lag luam tua hluav taws)
Hnub qub, neeg nyob hauv lub Nghệ Tĩnh ncig teb chaw siv los tsim lawv tus kheej ib hom hluav taws kub hu ua “lwm"(deafening) piv txwv li ib hom loj dua tus “ib bng"(booming) cov tub tua hluav taws. Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av no tau siv cov roj taum castor-roj sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov foob pob hluav taws cov hmoov, tom qab ntawd lawv ua lub fuse thiab txhaws tag nrho cov khoom hauv sab hauv lub raj xyoob ntev li 15cm ntev. Lub raj xyoob no tau sib cuam tshuam li ntawm 2 lossis 3 cm ntawm lub taub. Nrog rau qhov no, cov neeg nyob deb nroog tau tsim qhov “lwm"(deafening) qhov cub hluav taws uas muab cov lag luam tsis muaj pob ntseg, lub sijhawm ntawd, hauv thaj av ntawm Ọc Tso, Linh Caum, muaj cov kev cai ntawm kev muab nqi zog rau cov tib neeg uas tsis txaus ntshai los nkag rau qhov tob lossis tiaj tiaj ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj lub tsev nrog ntau tus dev phem rau lub teeb "lwm”Cov tub tua hluav taws nyob rau Xyoo Tshiab. Yog tias lub lag luam lag ntseg lag luam ua rau tsev neeg dhau los, qhov tseeb no yuav suav qhov zoo rau tsev neeg nplua nuj ntawd. Qhov ib lub teeb pom kev tua hluav taws yuav tsum ua kom nws tus kheej paub rau tus tswv tsev kom tau txais nqi zog. Ntawm qhov tsis sib thooj, yog tias lub foob pob hluav taws tshwm sim los ua cov neeg ruam uas tsis ua rau tawg, ces tsuas yog qhov teeb meem sab laug yog kom ploj mus vim kev ntshai ntawm kev tau txais qhov tsis zoo nkauj.
Niaj hnub no, hauv tebchaws Nyab Laj, cov neeg tsim teeb meem ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws tau tshem tawm (txij li Ất Hợi-xyoo npua xyoo 1995)). Txhua tsev neeg yuav tsum tau kos npe rau ib nqe lus lees tias nws yuav tsis tua hluav taws hauv nws qhov phem. Cov neeg ua txhaum ntawm kev tua cov neeg tua hluav taws leej twg uas lawv yuav tsum tau rau txim hnyav. Kev tshaj tawm hauv HaNoi tau raug ncua vim tias tsis muaj kev txaus siab los txhawb lub xeev tau txiav txim txwv tsis pub tua hluav taws. Cov tib neeg cuam tshuam tias hauv Saigon yav dhau los, ib qho kev txiav txim txwv tsis pub teeb tsa tua hluav taws tau tawm txij lub xyoo Caw Tý (Xyoo nas xyoo 1960)). Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov uas tsis ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawd tsis yog raug nplua nkaus xwb tabsis tseem raug ntes thiab kaw ntawm lub tsev Saigon Alm-tsev4.
Cov nqe lus hauv qab no paralled rau Tet, tseg rau lub qhov muag tsis pom kev, tseem coj ob qho laj thawj tseem ceeb; cov suab hluav taws thiab cov Tết ncej:
“Nyob rau thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm lub cuaj hlis hnub kaum ob lub hlis hlis ntuj, thaum lub sij hawm promenading, ib txhais ko taw poob nthav Tết ncej thiab ib qho paub: Ah! nws yog Tet!
Thaum sawv ntxov thawj hnub ntawm Tet ib tug hnov cov nplaim taws hluav taws thiab paub: Huag! Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav twb los txog lawm! ”
Lub "pab trc"(daj xyoob) qhov cub hluav taws yog hom ua los ntawm lub raj xyoob daj, cov khoom siv nrog cov leej faj thiab lub nplaim hluav taws, thiab thaiv ntawm ob qhov kawg, tom qab ntawd tshuab los ntawm kev fuse los tsim kev sib tw loj. Hom no tseem hu ua “qab trc"(tawg xyoob) piv txwv li “pab trc"(txij li xyoo 7, Suav tau tsim cov phom loj thiab siv nws los ua keej).
Ua ke nrog cov hais los ntawm lub cub tawg sab hluav taws tsim cov loj loj ntawm ob qho tib si ib qho loj zuj zus lossis ib qho salvo ntawm cov pob taws (phua qab) tseem muaj cov “phoo xo","phau ntawv"(Cov tub tua hluav taws muab cov xim teeb ci thaum tua hluav taws)). Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no zoo ib yam li cov neeg tua hluav taws. Txhawm rau ua kom lawv, cov neeg hauv zos siv cov poj niam cov hlab ua xyoob ntoo, txhaws lawv siv nrog rab phom phom sib xyaw nrog cov cam khwb cia hlau plua plav thiab cov av.
Nyob rau xyoo Tshiab's Hmo, lub ntuj muaj xim dub li number case, thaum tua hluav taws, cov hluav taws no tsim cov xim teeb uas ua rau lub ntsej muag zoo li lilac thiab cov paj zaub. Cov xim liab thiab xiav xiav tsim tawm los ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws no yog vim yog cov hlau cam khwb cia plua plav thiab cov av uas lawv muaj.
CEEB TOOM:
1 Associate Professor HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Kws Kho Mob hauv Phylosophy ntawm Keeb Kwm.
2 Raws li G. PISIER - “Indochine”Nos 75-76 hnub tim Feb.12, 1942 - Nplooj 17,18, thiab 19.
3 Raws li TRẦN XUÂN TUY, “Tết Dab Neeg Hluav Taws”- Qhov teeb meem College Vinh ntawm Giáp Thìn Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav, Saigon 1964 p.46.
4 TRẦN XUÂN TUY - Tết Cov Hluav Taws Xob Vinh College Intramural magazine ntawm Cov Koom Haum ntawm Cov Tub Ntxhais Qub ntawm Vinh College - Qhov teeb meem caij nplooj hlav ntawm Giáp Thìn Xyoo 1964, p.46.
PAJ MUAS TU THU
01 / 2020
CEEB TOOM:
Source: Hmoob Nyablaj Lunar Xyoo Tshiab - Cov Caij Nyoog Loj - Asso. Prof. HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Phylosophy hauv Keeb Kwm.
Cov ntawv sau xim thiab cov duab sepia tau raug teeb tsa los ntawm Ban Tu Thu - thanhdiavietnamhoc.com
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