CHOLON - Cochinchina - Tshooj 1

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MARCEL BENANOISE¹

I. Lub cev Geography

THAWJ, KEV ZOO

    Lub xeev ntawm Nyaj Lon [Chaw Lớn] uas muaj ib acreage ntawm 121441 hectares, yog nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Cochin-Tuam Tshoj. Nws yog alluvial thiab nws lub chaw nyob tsuas yog lub tiaj loj heev tsis muaj hav zoov lossis nce av; nws nthuav nws tus kheej rau koj ob lub qhov muag raws li ib txoj kab mob loj ntawm thaj av ciam teb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj los ntawm lub xeev ntawm Giadinh [Gia Định], nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub xeev Tanan [Tân Ib], uas txuas ntxiv hauv ntu qeeb me ntsis ntawm North-West mus rau South-East, qhov deb ntawm 60 km, ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev ntawm Tay Ninh  [Tay Ninh] mus rau Suav Hiav Txwv Nyob ntawm Tus Dej Sab Hnub Tuaj vamco [Vim Koj] thiab cov Sorap [Soài Roob].

kev nyab xeeb

    Tus kheej rau nws qhov xwm txheej, huab cua, kub thiab noo, zoo ib yam li feem ntau ntawm lwm cov xeev ntawm Cochin-Tuam Tshoj, thiab muaj huab cua nyob rau yav qab teb los ntawm thaj chaw ze ntawm lub hiav txwv. Hauv ib lo lus, huab cua yog ib qho noj qab nyob zoo thiab tsis muaj kab mob plague lossis mob nkeeg xijpeem uas muaj nyob ntawd.

Txawj Kiam

    Lub sab hnub tuaj vamco [Vim Koj], ib qho ntawm cov dej tseem ceeb ntawm Cochin-Tuam Tshoj ua raws lub qab teb fronteer ntawm lub xeev ntawm Nyaj Lon [Chaw Lớn] hauv nws qhov teeb tsa tag nrho, yog nws qhov ntuj pub nrog rau cov xeev ntawm Gocong [Gò Koj] thiab Tanan [Tân Ib]. Lub kwj deg loj no uas muaj ntws tawm tam sim no rau tau rau txhua ntu uas hla ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev. Nws tau txais ntawm nws sab laug lub txhab nyiaj ntau ntawm cov tseem ceeb. Dhau li ntawm sab hnub tuaj vamco [Vim Koj] peb yuav tsum hais tawm kev tshem Cangiuoc [Can Giuoc] uas tau rub los ntawm nkauj Ong Lon [Ib Leeg] thiab tus ntxi Caum Tram [Ruaj Ruaj] cuam nws tus kheej mus rau hauv hiav txwv Suav ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm vamco [Vim Koj]. Tus raeh Cangiuoc [Can Giuoc] sib koom siab rau Soirap ntawm tus kov vang [Raug Vàng] thiab tus ntxi Caum Doi [Ruaj Ruaj]. Ntxiv rau peb tseem yuav tsum hais txog qhov kwj dej ntawm Kinh Nuoc miaj [Kinh Nước Mặn] uas nyob rau sab hnub tuaj vamco [Vim Koj] rau Cangiuoc [Can Giuoc] dej. Lub nkoj-kis ntawm cov channel no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

RAILWAY

    Kev tsheb nqaj hlau los ntawm Saigon [Siv Gòn] rau Mytho hla lub xeev Nyaj Lon [Chaw Lớn] ntawm nws qhov dav dua, tom qab Colonial txoj kev No. 16 ntawm Nyaj Lon [Chaw Lớn] Nroog rau Benluc, qhov twg nws hla lub vamco [Vim Koj] los ntawm tus choj hlau loj, tus ciam ntawm lub xeev ntawm Tanan [Tân Ib]. Cov kev tsheb ciav hlau no muaj cov kev pabcuam txhua hnub ntawm plaub lub tsheb ciav hlau.

II. Kev tswj fwm keeb kwm

GENERAL ADMINISTRATION

    Lub koom haum saib xyuas kev tswj hwm ntawm lub xeev yog tib yam li lwm lub xeev ntawm Cochin-Tuam Tshoj. Nws yog qhia los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov pej xeem cov kev pabcuam, tus thawj coj ntawm lub xeev, uas yog, tib lub sijhawm, tau nqis peev nrog cov haujlwm ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub nroog ntawm Nyaj Lon [Chaw Lớn]. Cov Chaw Ntsuam Xyuas Haujlwm uas yog chaw nruab nrab ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm haujlwm hauv xeev yog nyob hauv lub nroog Nyaj Lon [Chaw Lớn] nws tus kheej. Zoo ib yam li lwm lub xeev nws pov cov nyiaj tsis txaus siv, npaj siab thiab pov ntawv xaiv tsa los ntawm nws tus thawj tswj hwm hauv xeev, tus thawj tswj hwm uas (leej twg yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub xeev) yog tus tswj hwm ntawm cov peev nyiaj no uas cov nyiaj, rau xyoo 1925, txog 355.240 $.

    Hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv pawg tswv cuab muaj li kaum ob leeg, lossis tus sawv cev, raws li sawv cev ntawm 12 cheeb tsam; cov councilors no raug xaiv los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov txiv neej. Cov thawj coj nyob hauv lub xeev no raug xaiv dua tshiab ib xyoos ob zaug.

LUS QHIA

    At Phulam [Phuam Laum], ib lub zos nyob rau 3 km ntawm Nyaj Lon [Chaw Lớn], muaj cov boarding- tsev kawm ntawv uas tau koom nrog tsev kawm ntawv rau cov ntxhais hluas. Lub tsev lag luam no yog tsim los ntawm tus kws qhia, pab los ntawm tus kws qhia European thiab tus pab qhia. Tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev sehool tseem raug them nrog kev tshuaj xyuas txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv lub xeev. Kuj muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv theem pib ntawm Duc Hoa Ua [Đức Hoa], Tho Phu Thuong [Tân Phú Thượng], Vajtswv [Gò .en], Cangiuoc [Can Giuoc], Rachkien [Ruaj Kiến], Canduoc [Cần nco] thiab lwm qhov chaw, tau tawg mus thoob ib puag ncig ntawm cov zos, uas Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Dawb thiab plaub lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ntxiv.

TSHUAJ TIV THAIV KHO

    Cov kev cai huv ntawm lub xeev tau nyob hauv kev tswj hwm los ntawm ib tus kws kho mob nyob sab Europe, kev pab los ntawm ib tug pab cuam thiab los ntawm 8 tus neeg tuaj saib xyuas hauv tsev. Cov tsev khomob thiab tsev so menyuam raug teeb ntawm Cangio [Cần Yog], Canduoc [Cần nco], Rachkien [Ruaj Kiến], Duc Hoa Ua [Đức Hoa], Phulam [Phuam Laum], thiab nyob hauv nroog loj.

    Ntau ntau zaus kev txhaj tshuaj muaj tshwm sim hauv cov zos. Xeev yuav faib quinine rau cov neeg nyob deb nroog kom tua maum ua npaws. Muaj ntawv pov thawj pab niam tsev nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus loj uas tuaj koom nyob rau hauv tsev ntiav neeg zov menyuam thiab tsev niam.

… NTXIV…

NTUJ TU TU THƯ
12 / 2019

CEEB TOOM:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Tus neeg pleev kob, tau yug los hauv Valenciennes - thaj chaw qaum teb ntawm Fabkis. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej thiab haujlwm:
+ 1905-1920: Ua haujlwm nyob rau tebchaws Indochina thiab yog tus saib xyuas haujlwm tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm rau tus thawjcoj ntawm Indochina;
+ Xyoo 1910: Xib Fwb ntawm Far East Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Fabkis;
+ Xyoo 1913: Kawm keeb kwm kev kos duab thiab tshaj tawm ntau cov lus tshaj tawm;
+ Xyoo 1920: Nws rov qab mus rau Fab Kis thiab npaj duab kos duab ua yeeb yam hauv Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - kos duab toj roob hauv pes txog Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, thiab qee yam khoom plig nco qab. los ntawm Far East;
+ Xyoo 1922: Tshaj tawm cov ntawv sau txog Kev Hniav Zoo Nkauj hauv Tonkin, Indochina;
+ Xyoo 1925: Yeej qhov khoom plig loj ntawm Colonial Exhibition hauv Marseille, thiab koom tes nrog tus kws kes duab vajtse Pavillon de l'Indochine los tsim cov khoom sab hauv;
+ Xyoo 1952: Tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 68 thiab tawm ntau daim duab thiab duab thaij;
+ 2017: Nws daim duab ua yeeb yam tau tiav los ntawm nws cov xeeb ntxwv.

ua tim khawv:
"Phau ntawv"LA COCHINCHINE”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong DucHồng ib] Cov tshaj tawm, Hanoi, 2018.
◊  wikipedia.org
Vietnamese Cov lus Nyab Laj thiab cov lus khav thev yog muab tso nrog sab hauv kab ntawv cim - raug teeb tsa los ntawm Ban Tu Thu.

KOJ NTXIV:
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Tshooj 2
◊  SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊  COCHINCHINA