Cov Tub Rog Thiab Phom
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I. Raws li qee cov ntaub ntawv, hauv Nyab Laj, sung hoa mai [sung hoa mai] (matchlock) yog ib lub npe nrov rau phom sung tuag [súng điểu thương] (musket) tsis tshua muaj siv thiab siv los ntawm 16th mus rau 19th caug xyoo. Lub feudal dynasties (Le, Mac, Trinh, Nguyen [Lê, Mạc, Trịnh, Nguyễn]) tag nrho nruab matchlocks rau cov tub rog. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm tau piav qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub sijhawm ntawd: "Flying mos txwv li ntog hnub qub”. Cov nkauj Folk kuj tau sau cov duab ntawm cov tub rog ua cov neeg nyiam romantic:
Daj siv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub duav
Hnav cov kaus mom cim, rab phom nqa ntawm lub xub pwg
Ib tug matchlock nyob rau hauv ib tes
Lwm txhais tes tuav ib rab hmuv thiab nqes mus rau lub nkoj nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm mandarin
Nruam tsib-nruas nruas ntaus tau hnov
Kua muag hauv qhov muag thaum nkag hauv nkoj.
[Ngang lưng thì thắt đai vàng
Đầu đội nón dấu vai mang súng dài
Một tay thì cắp hỏa mai
Một tay cắp giáo quan sai xuống thuyền.
Thùng thùng trống đánh ngũ liên.
Bước chân xuống thuyền nước mắt như mưa]
Cov neeg tua phom kos duab hauv qab no tau kos rau xyoo 1908 - 1909 hauv Cov nom Has [Hà Nội]. Nws pab peb xav txog cov duab ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd, ua ntej lub Nguyen [Nguyen] Tsom Ntaj.
Raws li rau cov muskets tau hais los saum no, ntawm no yog qee cov ntaub ntawv los pab peb nkag siab lawv:
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II. Musket yog hom tshiab ntawm arquebus nyob rau hauv Nyab Laj cov tub rog rog thaum lub sij hawm dynasties ntawm Mac, Trinh, Nguyen [Mac, Trinh, Nguyễn] (los ntawm 17th caug xyoo). Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm muskets ua raws li cov kev txav ntawm pecking hens nrog pieces ntawm flint. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yog raws li hauv qab no: "rub tus txhais; lub trigger kov rau daim hlau rau sparking”, lub ntsiab lus: “rub lub rauj rov qab; muab tus nuv rau hauv qhov sib koom ua ke kom nws. Thaum peb rub tus txhais, lub rauj txav mus thiab kov cov flint uas ua rau cov hmoov phom nrawm dua. "
raws li John Pinkerston1, Tswv Ntuj Nguyen [Nguyen] nruab nws pab tub rog nrog hom no sung tuag [súng điểu thương] (muskets), kuj paub li sung hoa mai [sung hoa mai] (matchlocks).
Lwm daim ntawv qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv Qing dynasty (Tuam Tshoj), muaj ib hom kev sib tw loj uas yuav tsum muaj ob tus neeg ua haujlwm rau lawv: Ib qho yuav tsum muab rab phom rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom thiab lwm yam raws li qhov taw qhia.
In Vietnam [Việt Nam], hom phom no tam sim no tso rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Raws li qhia, lub Tais Son [Tus Sau] cov tub rog tau txais cov txheej txheem hais saum toj no los ntawm Ntaj Xuv [Ng Trong] (Hmoob Nyablaj qab teb hnub tim 17-18 lub xyoo pua) thiab txhim kho rau hauv ntau hom. Tub rog tub rog siv riam phom no zoo ua tsaug rau lawv cov kev xyaum txhua hnub ntawm cov teb, uas zoo li kev ua si. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Dang Nga [Nng Ngoài] (Nyab Laj Qaum Teb hauv 17-18-xyoo pua), cov txheej txheem no kuj tau siv rau kev sib ntaus sib tua rau ob puas xyoo. Ib yam li dej thiab hluav taws, Tswv Trinh [Trinh] npe Thuy Vuong [Thuỷ Vương] (Tswv Ntuj) vim nws muaj zog naval rog; Tswv Nguyen [Nguyen] npe Hoa Vuong [Hoả Vương] (Tswv Ntuj cov hluav taws) vim nws cov tub rog tau nruab nrog cov riam phom muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, Tswv Nguyen [Nguyen] muaj qee yam riam phom uas muaj nyob hauv cov tub rog xws li hlo long [hlo long] (hluav taws zaj), hlo ho [hlo xo] (hluav taws tsov) thiab phom nrog cov khoom tawg ua haujlwm zoo li cov foob pob yooj yim.
Keeb kwm, lub musket (flintlock) yog los ntawm Tebchaws Europe, tom qab ntawd qhia hauv Asmeskas thiab Asia. Cov Tais Son [Tus Sau] pab tub rog raug suav hais tias yog tub rog muaj zog vim tias lawv cov muskets txhim kho uas tau zoo dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm (tsuas yog nyob rau hauv plaub lub zog xav tau) thaum British thiab European rog xav tau nees nkaum lub zog. Tshwj xeeb, Qing's phom (Daim duab) ntes hluav taws maj mam tab sis muaj pa taws ntau. Huab tais Quang Trung [Quang Trung] siv rab phom no hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua kom nws lub tsho dub dub vim muaj pa taws.
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Ropes los yog daim ntawm flint tau siv rau matchlocks. Tom qab ntawd, matchlocks tau hloov los ntawm ntau cov phom ntev, siv detonators thiab cartridges zoo ib yam li European phom thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum Minh Muas's [Minh Mạng] kav, matchlocks tau hloov nrog phom (vim txo cov tub rog) tab sis nrog tus lej qis dua piv rau xyoo pua dhau los, kaum tus neeg tuav ib rab phom.
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Raws li kev cai nyob rau hauv lub Nguyen [Nguyen] Dynasty, cov tub rog tau muab faib ua ob hom: Cov tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov tub rog tiv thaiv. Cov tub rog tiv thaiv raug xaiv los ntawm Nghe An [Nghe An] rau Binh Thuan [Binh Thuan], uas tau nyob hauv Hawj txawm [Hue]. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Fabkis thiab Nyab Laj nyob rau sab qaum teb, Hawj txawm [Hue] tsev hais plaub tau xa 8,000 tus tub rog los tiv thaiv North Vietnam [Việt Nam], nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm qib siab martial arts mandarins. Cov tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau nyob hauv North. Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm Fabkis tiv thaiv, cov tub rog no tau hloov los ntawm linh kho xanh (xiav-siv cov tub rog) (Xam). Qee cov tub rog tseem nyob hauv qab tswj hwm ntawm xeev cov thawj coj.
CEEB TOOM:
1: JOHN PINKERSTON "Ntiaj Teb Geography: Kev piav qhia ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman, lub nceeg vaj, lub xeev, thiab cov cheeb tsam nrog dej hiav txwv, hiav txwv, thiab cov kob".
◊ Cov duab tshwj xeeb - qhov chaw: faxuca.blogspot.com, nam64.multiply.com
KOJ NTXIV:
◊ KEV HLOOV QHOV TSEEB THIAB MARTIAL ARTS of VIETNAM - Tshooj 1
◊ KEV HLOOV QHOV TSEEB THIAB MARTIAL ARTS of VIETNAM - Tshooj 2
◊ KEV HLOOV QHOV TSEEB THIAB MARTIAL ARTS of VIETNAM - Tshooj 3